. 2016 Dec 2;60(3):399–405. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4166-2

Table 2.

Fetal biometric variables in the GDM and control groups

Fetal variable	GDM group (mean ± SD)	Control group (mean ± SD)	Adjusted β coefficient (95% CI)	p value
At 20 weeks’ gestation (prior to GDM diagnosis)
HC, mm	178.12 ± 11.59	181.39 ± 11.21	−4.19 (−6.12, −2.26)	<0.0001
HC, mm	178.12 ± 11.59	181.39 ± 11.21	−4.43 (−6.63, −2.23)^a	<0.0001^a
AC, mm	154.41 ± 11.53	156.57 ± 11.12	−2.99 (−5.03, −1.16)	0.004
AC, mm	154.41 ± 11.53	156.57 ± 11.12	−2.63 (−4.92, −0.34)^a	0.025^a
FL, mm	34.29 ± 4.32	34.86 ± 2.77	−1.13 (−1.61, −0.65)	<0.0001
FL, mm	34.29 ± 4.32	34.86 ± 2.77	−1.13 (−1.67, −0.58)^a	<0.0001^a
BPD, mm	48.92 ± 3.12	49.95 ± 3.31	−1.20 (−1.78, −0.62)	<0.0001
BPD, mm	48.92 ± 3.12	49.95 ± 3.31	−1.29 (−1.91, −0.63)^a	<0.0001^a
AAWT, mm	2.63 ± 0.51	2.39 ± 0.41	0.28 (0.17, 0.38)	<0.0001
AAWT, mm	2.63 ± 0.51	2.39 ± 0.41	0.26 (0.15, 0.37)^a	<0.0001^a
At 28–32 weeks’ gestation
HC, mm	288.23 ± 17.71	297.81 ± 14.15	−2.62 (−5.19, −0.06)	0.040
HC, mm	288.23 ± 17.71	297.81 ± 14.15	−2.51 (−5.41, 0.38)^a	0.089^a
AC, mm	265.87 ± 22.04	276.78 ± 19.02	−2.82 (−6.21, 0.57)	0.100
AC, mm	265.87 ± 22.04	276.78 ± 19.02	−2.09 (−5.86, 1.68)^a	0.276^a
FL, mm	60.14 ± 4.80	62.79 ± 3.85	−0.87 (−1.57, −0.16)	0.017
FL, mm	60.14 ± 4.80	62.79 ± 3.85	−0.55 (−1.27, 0.17)^a	0.131^a
BPD, mm	80.73 ± 5.23	83.29 ± 4.42	−0.35 (−1.12, 0.42)	0.37
BPD, mm	80.73 ± 5.23	83.29 ± 4.42	−0.20 (−1.04, 0.65)^a	0.65^a
AAWT, mm	4.65 ± 0.81	4.37 ± 0.66	0.50 (0.34, 0.66)	<0.0001
AAWT, mm	4.65 ± 0.81	4.37 ± 0.66	0.48 (0.30, 0.65)^a	<0.0001^a

The control group was used as the reference category

β coefficient for respective fetal biometry variables using multivariable linear regression after adjustment for maternal age, BMI, parity, fetal sex and gestational age

^aAdjustment as above plus GWG/week