Table 3.

Mediation analysis for magnesium-regulating genes

			Diabetes N = 7428		Prediabetes N = 6267
Gene	SNP	Effect on serum magnesium levelsa β, mmol/l (95% CI)	Direct effectb OR (95% CI)	Indirect effectc OR (95% CI)	Direct effectd OR (95% CI)	Indirect effecte OR (95% CI)
CLDN16	rs9990270	0.001 (−0.001, 0.002)	0.92 (0.83, 1.03)	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.99 (0.90, 1.09)	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)
CLDN19	rs719676	0.002 (0.000, 0.005)*	0.84 (0.74, 0.96)*	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	0.88 (0.78, 0.98)*	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)
CNNM2	rs3740393	0.005 (0.003, 0.008)*	0.97 (0.82, 1.15)	0.99 (0.98, 1.00)*	1.07 (0.94, 1.23)	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)
FXYD2	rs948100	−0.004 (−0.006, −0.001)*	1.12 (0.94, 1.33)	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)*	1.14 (0.98, 1.32)	1.00 (1.00, 1.01)
SLC41A1	rs823154	0.000 (−0.001, 0.002)	0.94 (0.84, 1.05)	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.95 (0.86, 1.04)	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)
SLC41A2	rs2463021	−0.004 (−0.007, 0.000)*	1.00 (0.82, 1.22)	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)*	0.96 (0.80, 1.14)	1.00 (1.00, 1.01)
TRPM6	rs2274924	−0.004 (−0.006, −0.001)*	1.01 (0.87, 1.16)	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)*	1.07 (0.94, 1.21)	1.00 (1.00, 1.01)
TRPM7	rs8042919	0.002 (−0.001, 0.005)	0.95 (0.78, 1.15)	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	1.05 (0.90, 1.23)	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

^aEffect of gene on serum magnesium level (mmol/l), per allele increase

^bDirect effect (OR) of gene on diabetes, adjusted for serum magnesium levels

^cIndirect effect (OR) of gene on diabetes, mediated by serum magnesium levels

^dDirect effect (OR) of gene on prediabetes, adjusted for serum magnesium levels

^eIndirect effect (OR) of gene on prediabetes, mediated by serum magnesium levels

* p < 0.05