TABLE 2.
Controlled trials with dairy product interventions to evaluate the effects on body height in 3895 children and adolescents1
| Reference | n | Age,2 y | Intervention | Type and time of intervention | Outcome | Results3 | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vogel et al. (36) | 240 (154F) | 11.8 ± 1.5 | Dairy (3 servings/d—0.9 g Ca/d) | RCT, 18 mo | Linear growth (cm)/year | Linear growth (cm)/y: IG: 4.43 ± 0.23; CG: 4.95 ± 0.25 | Significantly less increase in annual growth |
| Lien et al. (37) | 454 (237F) | 7–8 | Cow milk (500 mL/d; 6 d/wk) | RCT, 6 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 3.6 ± 4.8; CG: 3.2 ± 5.6 | Significant increase in age-adjusted height |
| Height-for-age change | HAZ: IG: 0.18 ± 0.92; CG: −0.25 ± 1.67 | ||||||
| Cheng et al. (38) | 195 (195F) | 10–12 | Low fat cheese (1 g Ca/d) | RCT, 24 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 9.1 ± 0.3; CG: 9.1 ± 0.3 | No significant differences |
| He et al. (39) | 402 (217F) | 3–5 | Yogurt (125 mL/d; 5 d/wk) | RCT, 9 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 5.43 ± 0.69; CG: 5.24 ± 0.76 | Significant increase |
| Du et al. (40) | 757 (757F) | 10 | Cow milk (300 mL/d) | CT, 24 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 13.4; CG: 12.2 | Significant increase in percentage of change |
| Lau et al. (41) | 344 (143F) | 9–10 | Skimmed milk powder (40 g/d) | RCT, 18 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 7.11 ± 0.19; CG: 7.06 ± 0.17 | No significant differences |
| Grillenberger (42) | 554 (241F) | 7.1 | Cow milk (200 mL/d) | CT, 23 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 10.31 ± 0.33; CG: 10.04 ± 0.34 | Significant increase in children with a baseline HAZ below the median |
| Height-for-age change | HAZ: IG: 0.55 ± 0.05; CG: 0.4 ± 0.06 | ||||||
| Merrilees et al. (43) | 105 (105F) | 15–18 | Dairy (1 g Ca/d) | RCT, 24 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 1.3; CG: 1.6 | No significant differences |
| Cadogan et al. (44) | 82 (82F) | 12.2 ± 0.3 | Cow milk (568 mL/d) | RCT, 18 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 8.8 ± 3.78; CG: 8.2 ± 2.95 | No significant differences |
| Chan et al. (45) | 48 (48F) | 9–13 | Dairy (1.2 g Ca/d) | RCT, 12 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 5.2 ± 1.6; CG: 5.3 ± 1.2 | No significant differences |
| Baker et al. (46) | 581 (253F) | 7–8 | Cow milk (190 mL/d) | RCT, 21.5 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 9.46 ± 1.68; CG: 9.18 ± 1.67 | Significant increase in percentage of change |
| Lampl and Johnston (47) | 86 (24F) | 7.7–13 | Cow milk (250 mL/d) | RCT, 8 mo | Linear growth (cm) | Linear growth (cm): IG: 3.45 ± 0.14; CG: 1.75 ± 0.17 | Significant increase in age-adjusted height |
| Height-for-age change | HAZ: IG: 0.87 ± 0.13; CG: −1.37 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| Morgan et al. (48) | 47 (24F) | 7–15 | Cow milk (284 mL/d) | CT, 14 wk | Linear growth (cm) | No data | No significant differences |
1CG, control group; CT, controlled trial; F, female; HAZ, height-for-age z score; IG, intervention group; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
2Values are ranges, means, or means ± SDs, as reported in the studies.
3Values are means, or means ± SDs, as reported in the studies.