TABLE 3.
Controlled trials of dairy product interventions to evaluate effects on BMC in 1771 children and adolescents1
| Reference | n | Age,2 y | Intervention | Type and time of intervention | Outcome | Results3 | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vogel et al. (36) | 240 (154F) | 11.8 ± 1.5 | Dairy (3 servings/d—0.9 g Ca/d) | RCT, 18 mo | Change (g/y) | Total BMC: no data; spine: no data; femur: no data; radius: no data; tibia: no data | Significant increase in BMC at the tibia |
| Cheng et al. (38) | 195 (195F) | 10–12 | Cheese (1 g Ca/d) | RCT, 24 mo | Change (%) | Total BMC: IG: 38.1; CG: 35; total femur: IG: 25.9; CG: 26.2; Lumbar spine: IG: 34.2; CG: 34 | No significant differences |
| Du et al. (40) | 757 (757F) | 10 | Milk (300 mL/d) | CT, 24 mo | Grams | Total BMC: IG: 1875.6 ± 281.3; CG: 1854.4 ± 268.4 | Significant increase in percentage of change in total body BMC |
| Lau et al. (41) | 344 (143F) | 9–10 | Milk (250 mL/d) | RCT, 18 mo | Change (%) | Total BMC: IG: 18.46 ± 0.67; CG: 16.88 ± 0.6; total hip: IG: 25.89; CG: 22.77; femoral neck: IG: 13.16; CG: 10.64; spine: IG: 21.51; CG: 19.23 | Significant increase in BMC at the hip |
| Merrilees et al. (43) | 105 (105F) | 15–18 | Dairy (1 g Ca/d) | RCT, 24 mo | Change (grams) | Total BMC: IG: 168.9 ± 24.7; CG: 167.4 ± 16.2; lumbar spine: IG: 3.83; CG: 2.58; femoral neck: IG: 0.12; CG: 0.06; trochanter: IG: 0.75; CG: 0.24 | Significant increase in BMC at the trochanter |
| Cadogan et al. (44) | 82 (82F) | 12.2 ± 0.3 | Cow milk (568 mL/d) | RCT, 18 mo | Change (%) | Total BMC (%): IG: 27; CG: 24.1; total BMC (g): IG: 428; CG: 391 | Significant increase in percentage of change in total body BMC |
| Chan et al. (45) | 48 (48F) | 9–13 | Dairy (1.2 g Ca/d) | RCT, 12 mo | Change (%) | Total BMC (g): IG 1695 ± 317; CG: 1617 ± 152; total BMC (%): IG: 14.2 ± 7.0; CG: 7.6 ± 6.0 | Significant increase in percentage of change in total body BMC |
1BMC, bone mineral content; CG, control group; CT, controlled trial; F, female; IG, intervention group; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
2Values are ranges, means, or means ± SDs, as reported in the studies.
3Values are means, or means ± SDs, as reported in the studies.