CREB3L1 induces Golgi expansion and potentiates the TSH-mediated Golgi amplification. (A) Immunofluorescence of FRTL-5 cells transfected with the indicated CREB3L1 construct labeled with antibodies against CREB3L1 (green) and GM130 (red). Nuclei are labeled with Hoechst 33258. FRTL-5 cells were either mock transfected (B; control), or transfected with a full-length CREB3L1 (C; CREB3L1FL), a constitutively active CREB3L1 construct (D; CREB3L1CA), or a dominant-negative CREB3L1 construct (E; CREB3L1DN). After 36 h, cells were stimulated with TSH (1 mIU/ml) for the indicated times and then processed for immunofluorescence analysis with antibodies against CREB3L1 (to identify the transfected cells) and GM130 (to visualize the Golgi). Upper panels, deconvolved images; lower panels, three-dimensional reconstructions of deconvolved images; inset, CREB3L1 expression. Scale bars: 10 μm. (F) Golgi volumes were quantified for each condition at each time point. Results are mean±s.e.m. (•P<0.05; •••P<0.001 versus value at time 0 h for each experimental condition; *P<0.05; ***P<0.001 versus control condition at the same time point); ns, not significant. Spatial deconvolution, three-dimensional reconstruction and quantification were performed by using Huygens Essential Software.