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. 2019 Apr 4;6(4):54. doi: 10.3390/children6040054

Figure 4.

Figure 4

(A) Selected cineangiographic frame from balloon (B) occlusion aortography in a neonate with severe congestive heart failure demonstrating a large persistent embryonic collateral (PEC) vessel connecting the descending aorta (DAo) to the right pulmonary artery (RPA). (B) Alternative blood supply to RPA is demonstrated from a PEC on the left side. (C) Occlusion with an 8-mm diameter Gianturco coil (C) did not result in complete occlusion of the PEC. (D) A second overlapping coil was placed which resulted in complete occlusion of the PEC. The RPA was opacified via the collateral vessels from the left side. The infant improved remarkably from congestive heart failure and eventually underwent unifocalization and complete correction. Reproduced from Rao, P. S. Transcatheter embolization of unwanted blood vessels in children. In Catheter Based Devices for Treatment of Noncoronary Cardiovascular Disease in Adults and Children; Rao, P.S., Kern, M.J., Eds.; Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2003; pp. 457–473 [32].