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. 2019 Apr 15;16(8):1352. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081352

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Harvest plots of trials investigating outdoor green exercise versus virtual green exercise. Note: A: studies with ≥ 40 participants; B: studies with 20–39 patients; C: studies with < 19 patients. We also provide the total sample across trials for each comparison (note: Plante et al. 2003 and 2006 [57,58] did not provide group sample sizes, so we divided the total sample by the number of conditions to approximate group sizes). The taller bars represent randomized trials in this comparison, and shorter bars represent non-randomized trials. Tan bars indicate parallel group design trials, whereas black bars represent crossover design trials. p-values and effect sizes (i.e., Cohen’s d) are provided inside each bar where this information is available. The number on top of each bar represents the study’s reference number in the present systematic review. Exercise bout duration is provided in minutes. The number on top of each bar represents the study: 53 = Calogiuri 2018 [53]; 55 = Fuegen & Breitenbecher [55]; 56 = Gatersleben & Andrews [56]; 57 = Plante 2003 [57]; 58 = Plante 2006 [58]. Acronyms: VR: virtual reality; AD-ACL: Activation–Deactivation Adjective Check List; PACES: Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale; PAAS: Physical Activity Affect Scale; PANAS: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; ZIPERS: Zuckerman Inventory of Personal Reactions. * Female participants only.