Table 8.

Concurrent predicting effects of parent-child subsystem qualities on delinquency.

Model	Predictors	Wave 1 Delinquency a			Wave 2 Delinquency b			Wave 3 Delinquency c
		β	t	Cohen’s f2	β	t	Cohen’s f2	β	t	Cohen’s f2
1	Gender d	0.06	2.83 ***	0.004	0.07	3.51 **	0.005	0.12	5.68 ***	0.014
	R2 change	0.004			0.005			0.014
	F change	8.03 **			12.29 ***			32.22 ***
2	PBC	−0.17	−5.29 ***	0.014	−0.16	−5.83 ***	0.014	−0.17	−5.83 ***	0.015
	PPC	0.05	2.46 *	0.003	0.06	3.07 **	0.004	0.08	3.51 ***	0.005
	FCRQ	−0.12	−4.13 ***	0.008	−0.14	−5.04 ***	0.011	−0.07	−2.53 *	0.003
	R2 change	0.071			0.079			0.054
	F change	55.95 ***			66.26 ***			44.76 ***
3	MBC	−0.05	−1.66	0.001	−0.07	−2.67 **	0.003	−0.13	−4.79 ***	0.009
	MPC	0.03	0.03	0.001	0.06	2.68 **	0.003	0.09	4.22 ***	0.007
	MCRQ	−0.21	−0.21 ***	0.023	−0.20	−7.25 ***	0.021	−0.09	−3.27 **	0.004
	R2 change	0.061			0.068			0.049
	F change	51.54 ***			60.58 ***			42.30 ***
4	PBC	−0.15	−4.92 ***	0.012	−0.15	−4.96 ***	0.011	−0.13	−4.26 ***	0.008
	PPC	0.06	2.23 *	0.003	0.06	2.41 *	0.003	0.05	1.86	0.002
	FCRQ	−0.06	−1.94	0.002	−0.07	−2.29 *	0.002	−0.04	−1.39	0.001
	MBC	0.01	0.31	0.000	0.01	0.16	0.000	−0.06	−2.01 *	0.002
	MPC	0.00	0.02	0.000	0.02	0.64	0.000	0.06	2.47 *	0.003
	MCRQ	−0.16	−5.17 ***	0.013	−0.17	−5.82 ***	0.015	−0.07	−2.25 ***	0.002
	R2 change	0.090			0.100			0.068
	F change	34.39 ***			42.99 ***			27.82 ***

Note. For Model 2–4, gender was controlled. ^a Parental factors measured at Wave 1 were used; ^b Parental factors measured at Wave 2 were used; ^c Parental factors measured at Wave 3 were used; ^d Female = −1, Male = 1. PBC = paternal behavioral control; PPC = paternal psychological control; FCRQ = father-child relational quality; MBC = maternal behavioral control; MPC = maternal psychological control; MCRQ = mother-child relational quality. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001.