Figure 1. Randomization and Assignment of Clinicians.

The primary analysis included all orders placed by clinicians according to their assigned randomization group (as-randomized analysis). Of 3356 clinicians randomized, 400 were not assigned to the trial group to which they were randomized. Of these, 305 were assigned to the opposite group at the beginning of the trial and remained in that group throughout (185 from restricted to unrestricted, 120 from unrestricted to restricted); 95 switched groups during the trial (84 from restricted to unrestricted, 11 from unrestricted to restricted). All assessments were repeated per treatment received (as-treated analysis).

^a“Other” included nonclinical staff who were not authorized to place orders.