Table 1.

Effects of twice-daily administration of (DAla²)GIP and (DAla²)GIP/xenin-8-Gln on glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin and GIP-mediated glucose-lowering and insulin-secretory actions in high-fat-fed mice

Treatment group	Glucose tolerance test		Metabolic response to GIP
	Blood glucose AUC (mmol/l × min)	Plasma insulin AUC (pmol/l × min)	Blood glucose AUC (mmol/l × min)	Plasma insulin AUC (pmol/l × min)
High-fat saline control	2062.0 ± 121.2	16,377 ± 3063	16,18.9 ± 148.1	9770 ± 2024
(DAla2)GIP	1714.7 ± 138.6†	11,253 ± 1590†	1029.5 ± 138.0*	20,308 ± 3805**,†††
(DAla2)GIP/xenin-8-Gln	1757.3 ± 154.6†	8423 ± 1121†	1130.1 ± 143.9*	17,741 ± 4016*,††
Lean control	1080.5 ± 85.7***	4237 ± 232.6*	787.4 ± 54.2**	3611 ± 411.9

Values represent means ± SEM for 6–8 mice. AUC values (0–105 min) for blood glucose and plasma insulin are shown

Tests were conducted after twice-daily treatment with saline vehicle, (DAla²)GIP or (DAla²)GIP/xenin-8-Gln (each at 25 nmol/kg) for 21 days. For glucose tolerance test, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured before and 15, 30, 60 and 105 min after i.p injection of glucose (18 mmol/kg). For metabolic response to GIP, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured before and 15, 30, 60 and 105 min after i.p injection of glucose (18 mmol/kg) in combination with GIP (25 nmol/kg). All studies were conducted in mice fasted for 18 h

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared with high-fat controls; ^† p < 0.05, ^†† p < 0.01 and ^††† p < 0.001 compared with lean controls