TABLE 1.

Altered Intestinal Microbiota Composition Associated With Cardiovascular Diseases

Study	Population	Technique	Increase in CVD	Decrease in CVD
Karlsson et al, 2012(145)	12 MI/stroke Swedish patients vs 13 age/sex-matched controls	Gut metagenome	Collinsella	Eubacterium Roseburia
Dinakaran et al, 2014(146)	80 Indian CVD (valvular, ischemic, congenital heart) patients vs 40 healthy controls	16s rRNA & metagenome in blood	Proteobacteria Actinobacteria Propionibacterium phages Pseudomonas phages Rhizobium phages Lymphocystis virus Torque Teno viruses
Yin et al, 2015(147)	141 stroke/TIA Chinese patients vs 94 asymptomatic controls	16S rRNA V4 region	Enterobacteriaceae Proteobacteria Escherichia/Shigella	Bacteriodetes Bacteriodales Bacteroidaceae Bacteriodes
Emoto et al 2016(32)	39 CAD Japanese patients vs 30 age/sex-matched controls with risk factors vs 50 healthy controls	Terminal RFLP	Firmicutes/bateriodetes ratio Lactobacillales	Bacteroides + Prevotella
Feng et al, 2016(148)	59 CAD Chinese patients vs 43 healthy controls	Gut metagenome	Streptococcus sp. M334 and M143 Clostridium sp. HGF2
Jie et al, 2017(33)	218 ACVD (stable/unstable angina, acute MI) Chinese patients vs 187 healthy controls	Gut metagenome	Enterobaceriaceae ■ Escherichia coli ■ Klebsiella spp ■ Enterobacter aerogenes Oral cavity microbiome ■ Streptococcus sp ■ Lactobacillus salivarius ■ Solobacterium moorei ■ Atropobium parvulum Other microbiome members ■ Ruminococcus gnavus ■ Eggerthella lenta	Butyrate-producing bacteria ■ Roseburia intestinalis ■ Faecalibacterium cf. prausnitzii Common microbiome members ■ Bacteriodes spp ■ Prevotella copri ■ Alistipes shahii

Abbreviations: RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; CAD, coronary artery disease, ACVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack; MI, myocardial infarction; CVD, cardiovascular disease.