Table 4.
Univariate analysis: select non-healthcare, household and dietary exposures among study participants
| Variable | Cases No. (%) | Controls No. (%) | Unadjusted matched odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attended daycare | 37/67 (55.2) | 25/67 (37.3) | 2.09 (0.98–4.75) | 0.06 |
| Household exposuresa | ||||
| Household member wore diapers | 19/68 (27.9) | 25/68 (36.8) | 0.67 (0.29–1.46) | 0.36 |
| Household member attended child or adult daycare | 21/68 (30.9) | 20/67 (29.9) | 1.07 (0.49–2.32) | 1.00 |
| Household member had diarrhoea | 26/63 (41.3) | 14/65 (21.5) | 2.50 (1.05–6.56) | 0.04 |
| Household member had C. difficile infection | 6/25 (24.0) | 0/14 (0.0) | 1.00 (0.05–undef) | 1.00 |
| Household member with overnight stay in a hospital | 6/68 (8.8) | 3/67 (4.5) | 2.00 (0.43–12.36) | 0.51 |
| Household member volunteered or worked in a healthcare facility | 9/68 (13.2) | 16/68 (23.5) | 0.50 (0.17–1.32) | 0.19 |
| Dietary exposuresb | ||||
| Eggs | 11/67 (16.4) | 8/67 (11.9) | 1.5 (0.48–5.12) | 0.61 |
| Dairy | 50/67 (74.6) | 59/68 (88.1) | 0.36 (0.10–1.05) | 0.06 |
| Fresh raw vegetables | 19/67 (28.4) | 19/67 (28.4) | 1.00 (0.44–2.26) | 1.00 |
| Plant-based protein | 12/67 (17.9) | 5/67 (7.5) | 2.75 (0.81–11.84) | 0.12 |
| Red meat | 3/67 (4.5) | 6/67 (9.0) | 0.50 (0.08–2.34) | 0.51 |
| Poultry | 14/67 (20.9) | 13/67 (19.4) | 1.10 (0.42–2.89) | 1.00 |
| Seafood | 1/67 (1.5) | 2/67 (3.0) | 0.50 (0.01–9.60) | 1.00 |
| Diverse dietc | 18/68 (26.5) | 23/68 (33.8) | 0.69 (0.29–1.58) | 0.44 |
| Well or spring waterd | 59/62 (95.2) | 60/66 (90.9) | 2.50 (0.41–26.25) | 0.45 |
| Formula-fed at least 75% of the time in first 6 months of life | 23/68 (33.8) | 23/67 (34.3) | 0.94 (0.43–2.03) | 1.00 |
| Formula-fed almost 100% of the time in first 6 months of life | 19/68 (27.9) | 15/67 (22.4) | 1.30 (0.53–3.31) | 0.68 |
CI, confidence interval.
Participants could have declined to answer a question; any missing response to a variable was excluded from the denominator.
a
Exposure period was during the 12 weeks preceding illness onset.
b
Unless otherwise specified, dietary exposure is defined as the consumption of a food product with a frequency of more than five times during a typical week.
c
Defined as the consumption of any of the food product listed in the table (except for plant-based protein) during a typical week, regardless of the frequency of consumption.
d
Source of drinking water around the time of illness onset.