Table 1.
Overview of the included studies regarding genotyping T. gondii isolates from human and summary of the main findings
| No. | Author | Patients group | Methods for genotyping | Molecular markers for genotyping | No. of isolates | No. (%) genotype |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Howe and Sibley [13] | AIDS/congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP | SAG1, SAG2, L328, ROP1, 850, 62 | 68 | 16 (23.5) I, 43 (63.2) II, 9 (13.3) III |
| 2 | Grigg et al. [9] | Ocular toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP | B1, SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, SAG4 | 12 | 3 (25) I, 3 (25) II, 1 (8.4) III, 5 (41.6) I&III |
| 3 | Ajzenberg et al. [14] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR of MS markers | TUB2, W35, TG-MA, w35487, N60608, N82375, N83021, N61191, AA519150 | 86 | 73 (84.8) II, 7 (8.1) I, 2 (2.3) III, 4 (4.6) atypical |
| 4 | De melo Ferreira [15] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP | SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, B1, cB21-4, cS10-A6, GRA6, L363 | 4 | 4 (100) atypical |
| 5 | Khan et al. [16] | Ocular toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP | 5′SAG2, 3′SAG2, BTUB, GRA6, SAG3 | 11 | 3 (27.3) I, 2 (18.1) II, 3 (27.3) III, 3 (27.3) I&III |
| 6 | Nowakowske et al. [17] | Newborns | PCR-RFLP | 3′SAG2, 5′SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6 | 9 | 9 (100) III |
| 7 | Djurković-Djaković et al. [18] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP | 5′SAG2, 3′SAG2, BTUB, SAG3, GRA6 | 1 | 1 (100) II |
| 8 | Genot et al. [19] | AIDS | PCR of MS markers | TUB2, TgM-A, W35, B17, B18 | 1 | 1 (100) I&III |
| 9 | Demar et al. [20] | Congenital immunocompetent | PCR of MS markers | TUB2, W35, TgM-A, B18, B17 | 11 | 11 (100) atypical |
| 10 | Zhou et al. [21] | ND | Mn-PCR-RFLP | SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico | 3 | 1 (33.3) #1, 1 (33.3) #3, 1 (33.3) #4 |
| 11 | Boughattes et al. [22] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP | 3′SAG2, 5′SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, APICO | 14 | 1 (7.14) I, 7 (50) I&III, 3 (21.4) I&II, 3 (21.4) I&II + I&III |
| 12 | Ferreira et al. [23] | AIDS, congenital, pregnant, ocular, acute toxoplasmosis | Mn-PCR-RFLP | SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, C22-2, C29-2, L358, PK1, APICO | 20 | 18 (90) #65, 1 (5) #71, 1 (5) #6 |
| 13 | Boughattes et al. [24] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP | 3′SAG2, 5′SAG2, SAG3, AK69, APICO, UPRT1 | 1 | 1 (100) I&III |
| 14 | Boughattes et al. [25] | Pregnant and diabetic | PCR-RFLP | 3′SAG2, 5′SAG2, SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, BTUB, APICO, PK1, KT850, UPRT1 | 1 | 1 (100) atypical |
| 15 | Fekkar et al. [26] | Ocular toxoplasmosis | PCR of MS markers | TUB2, W35, TG-MA, B18, B17 | 13 | 10 (76.9) II, 1 (7.7) II&III, 2 (15.4) Africa I |
| 16 | Carneiro et al. [27] | Newborns | Mn-PCR-RFLP | 3′SAG2, 5′SAG2, SAG1, SAG3, SAG2, GRA6, L356, APICO, C29-2, C22-9, PK1 | 25 | 7 (28) #11, 1 (4) #8, 3 (12) #206, 2 (8) #41, 2 (8) #108, 1 (4) #67, 1 (4) #207, 1 (4) #162, 1 (4) #208, 1 (4) #36, 1 (4) #209, 1 (4) #210, 1 (4) #211, 1 (4) #212, 1 (4) (mix/recombinant) |
| 18 | Wang et al. [28] | AIDS/cancer | Mn-PCR-RFLP | SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, C22-2, C29-2, L358, PK1, APICO | 4 | 1 (25) #1, 1 (25) #9, 1 (25) #10, 1 (25) #204 |
| 19 | Costache et al. [29] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR of MS markers | TUB2, W35, TG-MA, w35487, N60608, N82375, N83021, N61191, AA519150 | 1 | 1 (100) II |
| 20 | Döşkaya et al. [30] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR of MS markers | TUB-2, W35, TgM-A, B18, B17, M33, IV.1, XI.1, M48, M102, N60, N82, AA, N61, N83 | 2 | 2 (100) Africa I |
| 21 | Pardini et al. [31] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP | SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c29-2, c22-8, L358, PK1, Apico | 1 | 1 (100) III |
| 22 | Higa et al. [32] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | Mn-PCR-RFLP | SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, C22-2, C29-2, L358, PK1, APICO | 3 | 3 (100) #166 |
| 23 | Silva et al. [33] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | Mn-PCR-RFLP | SAG1, 5′SAG2, 3′SAG2, SAG2 alt, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico | 4 | 2 (50) #108, 1 (25) # 206, 1 (25) # 229 |
| 24 | Yeraa et al. [34] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR of MS markers | TUB2, W35, TgM-A, B18, B17, M33, IV.1, XI.1, M48, M102, N60, N82, AA, N61, N83 | 2 | 2 (100) atypical |
| 25 | Wang et al. [35] | Cancer | Mn- PCR-RFLP | SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, C22-2, C29-2, L358, PK1, APICO | 9 | 9 (100) #9 |
| 26 | Cong et al. [36] | Cancer | Mn-PCR-RFLP | SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, C22-2, C29-2, L358, PK1, APICO | 17 | 8 (47.1) #10, 8 (47.1) #9, 1 (5.8) (type I variant) |
| 27 | Virales et al. [37] | Congenital toxoplasmosis | PCR-RFLP/PCR of MS markers | SAG2, TUB, TgM, W35, B17, B18 | 48 | 6 (12.5) I, 32 (66.6) II, 6 (12.5) I&II, 4 (8.3) I&III |
MS, microsatellite Marker; ND, not determined; Mn, multi locus nested-PCR-RFLP (10 markers).