. 2019 May 15;16:56. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0531-y

Table 2.

Motor and cognitive outcomes for the experimental and control groups at pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up

	VR + TAU					TAU					Group effect on pre-post difference score (t or U, p)^c	Group effect on pre-test to follow-up difference score (t or U, p)^c
Primary Outcome^a	Pre-test	Post-test	Follow-up	Pre-post difference score^b	Effect size d^b	Pre-test	Post-test	Follow-up	Pre-post difference score^b	Effect size d^b	Group effect on pre-post difference score (t or U, p)^c
Motor
BBT-MAH	21.8 (12.8)	39.1 (14.5)	40.8 (15.5)	17.3 (8.6), p < 0.001	1.3	21.5 (8.1)	29.8 (11.2)	30.9 (11.5)	8.4 (5.3), p < 0.001	0.9	21.50, 0.008*	23.00, 0.011*
BBT-LAH	45.1 (7.9)	57.6 (5.4)	60.6 (5.6)	12.5 (7.7), p = 0.001	1.9	44.5 (8.3)	50.9 (8.2)	50.9 (7.8)	6.5 (5.7), p = 0.004	0.8	2.05, 0.054	−3.44, 0.003*
BBT Total	66.9 (14.1)	96.7 (12.6)	101.4 (14.7)	29.8 (11.5), p < 0.001	2.2	65.9 (10.3)	80.7 (11.9)	81.8 (11.4)	14.8 (7.8), p < 0.001	1.3	3.52, 0.002*	9.50, < 0.001*
Cognitive
MoCA	18.4 (2.50)	24.8 (2.6)	25.4 (2.6)	6.40 (1.3), p < 0.001	2.5	19.2 (4.0)	21.4 (3.6)	21.8 (3.5)	2.2 (0.9), p = 0.004	0.6	0.50, < 0.001*	− 7.41, < 0.001*
GMLT Errors	107.8 (12.3)	87.5 (9.5)	76.1 (10.5)	20.3 (8.4), p < 0.001	1.9	110.6 (14.7)	108.0 (13.2)	101.1 (14.5)	2.5 (6.1), p = 0.198	0.2	−5.57, < 0.001*	4.32, < 0.001*
Set Shift Errors	64.9 (10.1)	46.9 (6.2)	33.3 (7.0)	18.0 (10.3), p < 0.001	2.2	64.6 (12.7)	61.0 (11.5)	58.9 (12.6)	3.5 (6.1), p = 0.082	0.3	−3.95, 0.001*	7.43, < 0.001*

^aMean (SD); ^bwithin-group dependent t-test comparison of pre-test vs. post-test; ^cbetween-group independent t-test comparison of VR+TAU vs. TAU; * p < Benjamini-Hochberg critical value. BBT Box and Blocks Test, GMLT CogState Groton Maze Learning Task, LAH Less Affected Hand, MAH Most Affected Hand, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, TAU Treatment as Usual, VR Virtual Rehabilitation