Table 3.
Functional outcomes for the experimental and control groups at pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up
| VR + TAU | TAU | Group effect on pre-post difference score (t or U, p)c | Group effect on pre-test to follow-up difference score (t or U, p)c | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NFI Sub-scalea | Pre-test | Post-test | Follow-up | Pre-post difference scoreb | Effect size db | Pre-test | Post- test | Follow-up | Pre-post difference scoreb | Effect size db | ||
| Motor | 32.2 (3.9) | 24.4 (4.0) | 21.5 (2.9) | 7.8 (1.7), p < 0.001 | 2.0 | 30.6 (4.1) | 27.5 (4.2) | 26.7 (5.2) | 3.1 (1.8),p < 0.001 | 0.8 | 6.00, < 0.001* | 5.85, < 0.001* |
| Cognition | 56.9 (18.1) | 39.8 (14.2) | 34.6 (12.6) | 17.1 (7.6), p < 0.001 | 1.1 | 51.8 (19.2) | 42.4 (14.9) | 39.3 (13.7) | 9.5 (6.5),p = 0.001 | 0.6 | −2.50, 0.022* | 2.33, 0.031* |
| Depression | 32.6 (9.1) | 24.5 (6.6) | 22.1 (5.8) | 8.1 (4.4), p < 0.001 | 1.0 | 33.9 (13.9) | 30.6 (10.6) | 28.2 (9.7) | 3.4 (6.8),p = 0.130 | 0.3 | −1.89, 0.075 | 1.82, 0.085 |
| Somatic | 20.4 (6.3) | 16.4 (5.5) | 16.2 (4.4) | 4.0 (2.1),p < 0.001 | 0.7 | 19.7 (4.1) | 17.3 (2.9) | 18.3 (4.0) | 2.5 (3.1),p = 0.025 | 0.7 | −1.33, 0.200 | 2.02, 0.058 |
| Commun | 34.9 (6.5) | 25.9 (6.9) | 22.5 (5.3) | 9.0 (4.0),p < 0.001 | 1.3 | 31.8 (12.0) | 30.6 (10.6) | 28.3 (9.8) | 1.3 (5.6),p = 0.467 | 0.1 | −3.62, 0.002* | 4.62, < 0.001* |
| Aggression | 15.8 (4.7) | 14.6 (5.7) | 13.9 (4.9) | 1.2 (2.3), p = 0.612 | 0.2 | 14.6 (4.4) | 14.2 (4.1) | 13.6 (5.2) | 0.4 (1.8), p = 0.831 | 0.1 | 0.89,0.383 | 0.98, 0.347 |
aMean (SD); bwithin-group dependent t-test comparison of pre-test vs. post-test; cbetween-group independent t-test comparison of VR+TAU vs. TAU;. * p < Benjamini-Hochberg critical value. Commun: Communication; NFI Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory, TAU Treatment as Usual, VR Virtual Rehabilitation