Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted effect of household relationships on health seeking behaviour for childhood diarrhea in sub-Saharan Africa, 2012–2016
| Unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caregiver characteristics | Western Africa | Middle Africa | Eastern Africa | Southern Africa | sub-Saharan Africa |
| Marital profile | |||||
| Never married | 0.99 (0.84–1.18) | 0.98 (0.78–1.25) | 1.17 (0.86–1.60) | 1.02 (0.83–1.26) | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) |
| First order marriage, monogamy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| First order marriage, polygyny | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | 0.87 (0.77–1.00) | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | 0.92 (0.87–0.98)* |
| Higher order marriage, monogamy | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.92 (0.8401.01) |
| Higher order marriage, polygyny | 0.89 (0.77–1.04) | 0.94 (0.76–1.17) | 0.82 (0.60–1.11) | 0.78 (0.60–1.02) | 0.88 (0.79–0.97)* |
| Formerly married | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | 0.93 (0.75–1.14) | 1.09 (0.85–1.42) | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) |
| Relationship to household head | |||||
| Head | 1.04 (0.92–1.19) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) |
| Wife | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Daughter/in-law | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 0.99 (0.78–1.09) | 0.80 (0.63–1.01) | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) |
| Others | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 0.76 (0.53–1.09) | 1.10 (0.87–1.38) | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) |
| Adjusted OR++ | |||||
| Caregiver marital profile | |||||
| Never married | 0.97 (0.81–1.15) | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | 1.43 (0.97–2.11) | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) |
| First order marriage, monogamy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| First order marriage, polygyny | 0.99 (0.91–1.09) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 1.19 (0.89–1.57) | 0.88 (0.73–1.07) | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) |
| Higher order marriage, monogamy | 0.89 (0.78–1.03) | 1.09 (0.92–1.30) | 1.05 (0.78–1.42) | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) |
| Higher order marriage, polygyny | 0.95 (0.81–1.09) | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) | 0.82 (0.49–1.39) | 0.83 (0.64–1.09) | 0.94 (0.84–1.04) |
| Formerly married | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.95 (0.78–1.18) | 1.11 (0.80–1.52) | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) |
| Relationship to household head | |||||
| Head | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.81 (0.65–1.00) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 0.99 (0.92–1.08) |
| Wife | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Daughter/in-law | 1.06 (0.95–1.19) | 0.97 (0.81–1.15) | 0.81 (0.51–0.95)* | 1.04 (0.84–1.24) | 0.99 (0.92–1.08) |
| Others | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | 0.90 (0.86–1.71) | 1.06 (0.84–1.36) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) |
| Random effects parameters | |||||
| Country: Variance (SE) | 0.3789 (0.1613) | 0.0229 (0.0234) | 15.6738 (14.5082) | 0.1421 (0.0964) | 1.6615 (0.5506) |
| Community: Variance (SE) | 0.1765 (0.0278) | 0.2043 (0.0416) | 0.0647 (0.0386) | 0.0876 (0.0235) | 0.1507 (0.0164) |
| Model parameters | |||||
| Log-likelihood | − 9717.6826 | − 5193.6512 | − 1895.0743 | − 4858.7665 | − 2176.202 |
| Wald statistic | 175.33 | 95.04 | 36.16 | 79.28 | 269.88 |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.0888 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
*p < 0.05 based on models adjusted for demographic and socio-economic characteristics