Table 1.
Low level of ICU ESBL-E cross-transmission in a non-outbreak situation
| Year | Authors | Design | N | Outcome | Brief results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | Repessé et al. [28] | Cohort study | 470 | ESBL-E fecal carriage Cross-transmission assessed by epidemiology and ESBL gene sequencing |
62/470 (13.2%) of imported ESBL-E fecal carriage 9/221 (4.1%) of acquired ESBL-E fecal carriage 2/9 acquisitions were likely to be due to cross-transmission |
| 2016 | Alves et al. [27] | Cohort study | 309 | ESBL-E fecal carriage Cross-transmission assessed by epidemiology, rep-PCR and plasmid PCR |
25/309 (8%) of imported ESBL-E fecal carriage 19/309 (6.5%) of acquired ESBL-E fecal carriage 1/19 acquisition was likely to be due to cross-transmission |
| 2015 | O’Connell et al. [26] |
Cohort study | 316 | ESBL-E fecal carriage Cross-transmission assessed by epidemiology and PFGE |
50/316 (15.8%) of ESBL-E fecal carriage 2 cases of suspected cross-transmission for E.coli and 2 for E. cloacae but only 1 (E. cloacae) occurred in ICU |
| 2014 | Kim J et al. [25] | Cohort study | 347 | Acquisition of ESBL-E by epidemiology and PFGE | 98/347 (28.2%) of imported ESBL-E fecal carriage 11/91 (12.1%) of acquired ESBL-E fecal carriage in ICU No case of cross-transmission |
| 2007 | Harris et al. [24] | Cohort study | 1806 | Acquisition of ESBL-producing E. coli by epidemiology and PFGE | 97/1806 (5%) of ESBL-E fecal carriers including as follows: 23/97 (24%) of acquired ESBL-producing E. coli fecal carriage 3/23 (13%) acquisitions were likely to be due to cross-transmission |
| 2004 | Thouverez et al. [23] |
Cohort study | 2883 | Acquisition of ESBL-E by epidemiology and PFGE | 9/28 cases of ESBL-E acquisition explained by cross-transmission |
| 1996 | Gori et al. [22] | Cohort study | 8640 | Acquisition of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae by antibiotype, plasmid content, PFGE, and RAPD | 45/8640 (0.5%) ESBL-E fecal carriage 4 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae clonal groups among which 2 are associated with clusters of cross-infection involving 5 and 12 patients |
ESBL-E extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, ICU intensive care unit, PFGE pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, RAP rapid amplified polymorphic DNA, rep-PCR repetitive-element polymerase chain reaction