Table 4.

Efficacy of selective decontamination for ESBL-E fecal carriage among ICU patients

Year	Authors	Design	Decontamination	N	Outcome	Brief results
2018	Wittekamp et al. [46]	Randomized controlled trial	CHX 2% SOD by mouthpaste (colistin, tobramycin, nystatin) SDD by the same mouthpaste and gastrointestinal suspension)	8665	ICU-acquired ESBL-E BSI	aHR vs baseline: CHX 1.13 (95% CI 0.68–1.88) SOD 0.89 (95% CI 0 .55–1.45) SDD 0.70 (95% CI 0.43–1.14)
2016	Camus et al. [44]	Observational Before-after	SDD by as follows: Colistin Tobramycin Amphotericin B	5250	Rates of acquired infections caused by AGNB Rates of ESBL-E fecal carriage acquisition	Diminution of the incidence rate of acquired infections caused by AGNB (1.59 vs 5.43 per 1000 patient-days, p < 0.001) Diminution of the acquisition rate of ESBL-E fecal carriage (OR = 0.94 [0.88–1.00], p = 0.04)
2005	Troché et al. [43]	Prospective observational cohort study	SDD by 2 among the following: Erythromycin Neomycin Polymyxin E	2235	Rates of ESBL-E fecal carriage acquisition	Diminution of the acquisition rate of ESBL-E fecal carriage from 5.5 cases per 1000 patient-days during the first 3 years to 1.9 cases during the last 3 years (p < 0.05)
1998	Decré et al. [45]	Prospective controlled cohort study	SDD by as follows: Erythromycin Polymyxin E	65	Incidence and infection with ESBL- K. pneumoniae	Selective digestive decolonization failed to reduce the incidence of acquisition of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae

AGNB multidrug-resistant aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, aHR adjusted Hazard ratio, BSI bloodstream infection, CHX chlorhexidine, SDD selective digestive decontamination, SOD selective oral decontamination