Table 3.

Overview of available reproductive and developmental oral toxicity studies on MSG judged adequate by EFSA [2]

Study type	Species	Dose levels tested mg/kg bw/day	Effects	NOAEL mg/kg bw/day	Reference
3-generation reproductive toxicity study	Mice	0/1,500/6,000 males 0/1,800/7,200 females	No effects, also no brain lesions in histopathology	>6,000	[47]
OECD TG 416 2-generation reproductive toxicity	Rats	0/939/3,131 males 0/1,039/3,496 females	No effects	>3,131	[53]
OECD TG 414 Pre-natal developmental toxicity study	Rats	0/302/898/ 3,019 from GD 6-20 pregnancy	No effects	>3,019	[54]
Developmental neurotoxicity study	Rats	0/1,900/3,700/5,300 males, 0/1,600/3,200/5,000 females in the pre-breeding period	High-dose: delayed early swimming development, diminished rearing frequency in open field, altered active avoidance acquisition and extinction, and prolonged day-2 passive avoidance retention	3,200	[3]
Developmental neuro behavior study	Rats	0 and 10,000 GD 7-20 pregnancy	EFSA [2 no effects when corrected for multiple testing	>10,000	[55, 56]