Table 2.
Baseline characteristics: individuals with NGM, prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
| Variable | NGM n = 294 |
Prediabetes n = 122 |
T2DM n = 60 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.7 (53.0, 64.2) | 60.8 (55.3, 64.9) | 60.1 (56.3, 64.1) |
| Women, n (%) | 120 (40.8) | 47 (38.5) | 17 (27.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 (25.0, 29.5) | 28.0 (26.5, 31.2) | 30.6 (26.6, 32.8) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 60 (20.4) | 22 (18.0) | 9 (14.8) |
| Physical activity (103 × METs/week) | 6.54 (3.94, 8.94) | 5.10 (2.79, 8.46) | 5.64 (3.73, 7.78) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 133 (122, 146) | 141 (132, 155) | 145 (136, 158) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.0 (73.5, 85.0) | 82.8 (78.0, 91.5) | 85.0 (79.5, 92.8) |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 82 (27.9) | 52 (42.6) | 29 (47.5) |
| CVD, n (%) | 68 (23.1) | 34 (28.1) | 24 (39.3) |
| CVE, n (%) | 40 (13.6) | 20 (16.5) | 11 (18.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.20 (4.60, 5.80) | 5.20 (4.60, 5.83) | 5.50 (4.90, 6.00) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.44) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.37) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.20) |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.30 (2.80, 3.90) | 3.35 (2.80, 4.30) | 3.50 (2.90, 3.98) |
| HDL:LDL ratio | 0.37 (0.28, 0.48) | 0.32 (0.26, 0.45) | 0.30 (0.24, 0.37) |
| Triacylglycerol (mmol/l) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.60) | 1.60 (1.10, 2.10) | 1.90 (1.30, 2.65) |
| NEFA (mmol/l) | 0.49 (0.38, 0.57) | 0.53 (0.43, 0.64) | 0.55 (0.45, 0.70) |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 44 (15.0) | 24 (19.7) | 9 (14.8) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.70 (5.40, 5.90) | 5.80 (5.60, 6.10) | 6.40 (5.90, 6.90) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 38.0 (35.0, 40.0) | 39.0 (37.0, 43.0) | 46.0 (40.0, 51.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.27 (5.00, 5.53) | 6.00 (5.54, 6.30) | 7.14 (6.81, 7.95) |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l) | 61.2 (45.2, 87.4) | 78.8 (51.4, 133) | 110 (66.1, 159) |
| 2 h glucose (mmol/l) | 5.65 (4.65, 6.54) | 8.79 (7.82, 9.90) | 12.3 (11.1, 14.7) |
| 2 h insulin (pmol/l) | 352 (211, 589) | 664 (424, 1176) | 744 (489, 1017) |
| Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity | 3.57 (2.45, 4.95) | 2.46 (1.39, 3.63) | 1.45 (1.09, 2.66) |
Values are expressed as median (IQR) or n (%)
CVD, self-reported cardiovascular disease; CVE, self-reported cardiovascular event; MET, metabolic equivalent