Table 3.
Values of BCF indices according to glucose metabolism status at baseline
| BCF index | NGM n = 294 |
IGM n = 122 |
T2DM n = 60 |
p valuesa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting indices | ||||
| HOMA-B1 (%) | 105.39 (74.60, 144.20) | 99.78 (64.62, 169.02) | 88.58 (53.25, 118.20)† | 0.037 |
| HOMA-B2 (%) | 96.90 (76.70, 119.35) | 92.00 (67.20, 133.83) * | 79.40 (55.75, 98.25)† | 0.001 |
| I0/G0 ratiob | 11.45 (8.55, 16.4) | 13.21 (8.58, 13.13) | 15.82 (9.69, 21.22)†§ | 0.007 |
| CP0/G0 ratiob | 0.12 (0.95, 0.15) | 0.13 (0.10, 0.18) | 0.14 (0.12, 0.17)†§ | 0.016 |
| Early-phase BCF indices | ||||
| I30/I0 ratio | 7.98 (6.14, 10.4) | 5.81 (4.61, 7.42)* | 3.62 (2.74, 3.62)†§ | <0.001 |
| CP30/CP0 ratio | 3.38 (2.91, 4.22) | 2.68 (2.25, 3.30)* | 1.96 (1.74, 2.38)†§ | <0.001 |
| ΔI30/ΔG30 ratio | 135.50 (88.27, 198.93)* | 90.75 (53.81, 151.89)* | 58.02 (38.11, 85.16)†§ | <0.001 |
| ΔCP30/ΔG30 ratio | 0.49 (0.33, 0.66) | 0.30 (0.23, 0.42)* | 0.19 (0.15, 0.26)†§ | <0.001 |
| CIR30 × 10−2 | 12.91 (8.29, 19.15) | 8.02 (4.34, 11.54)* | 3.68 (2.72, 5.86)†§ | <0.001 |
| Stumvoll first phase × 10−2 | 12.53 (9.33, 16.76) | 10.83 (6.08, 17.51)* | 7.08 (4.08, 12.56)†§ | <0.001 |
| BIGTT-AIR0.30.120 × 10−2 | 29.64 (21.98, 43.84) | 24.11 (15.36, 37.02)* | 17.33 (11.77, 24.90)†§ | <0.001 |
| BIGTT-AIR0.60.120 × 10−2 | 34.00 (25.81, 51.12) | 27.32 (17.08, 44.66)* | 19.42 (12.37, 31.24)†§ | <0.001 |
| Late-phase BCF indices | ||||
| Stumvoll second phase | 330.71 (258.45, 431.44) | 310.64 (187.11, 457.80)* | 239.06 (152.97, 358.97)† | <0.001 |
| I120/I0 ratio | 5.60 (3.77, 8.27) | 8.42 (5.94, 11.7)* | 6.85 (4.32, 10.37)†§ | <0.001 |
| CP120/CP0 ratio | 4.04 (3.21, 5.08) | 4.51 (3.64, 5.60) | 3.73 (2.59, 5.31)§ | <0.001 |
| ΔI120/ΔG120 ratio | 235.21 (, 122.49, 532.01) | 200.50 (113.36, 403.98)* | 114.48 (66.54, 178.28) | 0.037 |
| ΔCP120/ΔG120 ratio | 1.35 (, 1.29, 2.83) | 0.91 (0.59, 1.32)* | 0.47 (0.31, 0.67)† | 0.009 |
| CIR120 × 10−2 | 35.21 (21.38, 60.71) | 17.45 (11.13, 31.92)* | 7.29 (4.42, 7.29)†§ | <0.001 |
| Overall indices | ||||
| IAUC / GAUC ratio | 62.03 (45.50, 86.60) | 56.71 (35.91, 93.40)* | 42.27 (26.70, 63.07)† | <0.001 |
| CPAUC/ GAUC ratio | 0.35 (0.26, 0.38) | 0.28 (0.21, 0.37)* | 0.20 (0.16, 0.24)† | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as median (IQR)
a p value of Kruskal–Wallis test
bA higher value indicates impairment of BCF, unlike other BCF indices
*Statistically significant difference IGM vs NGM, p value of Mann–Whitney U test <0.05; †statistically significant difference T2DM vs NGM, p value of Mann–Whitney U test <0.05; §statistically significant difference T2DM vs IGM, p value of Mann–Whitney U test <0.05
BIGTT-AIR, beta cell function, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance testing; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus