Table 2.
Crude associations between allergy‐related outcomes
| SPT | Wheeze | Rhinitis | Urticaria | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| asIgE | |||||
| Urban | OR (95% CI) | 21.4 (10.2, 44.6) | 5.5 (0.4, 68.6) | 3.7 (1.2, 11.9) | 3.7 (0.8, 16.2) |
| P value | <0.001 | 0.171 | 0.028 | 0.075 | |
| PAF (95% CI) | 86.1% (81.4, 88.3) | 65.5% (−120, 78.8) | 53.1% (12.1, 66.6) | 53.1% (−18.2, 68.2) | |
| Rural | OR (95% CI) | 10.3 (5.3, 19.8) | 3.9 (1.3, 11.5) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.6) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) |
| P value | <0.001 | 0.015 | 0.793 | 0.651 | |
| PAF (95% CI) | 80.9% (72.7, 85.1) | 62.2% (19.3, 76.5) | 5.7% (−57.9, 35.6) | −4.7% (−35.8, 12.4) | |
| Interaction P value | 0.127 | 0.792 | 0.081 | 0.056 | |
| SPT | |||||
| Urban | OR (95% CI) | 2.2 (0.6, 8.1) | 6.5 (3.4, 12.5) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.8) | |
| P value | 0.211 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| PAF (95% CI) | 23.4% (−28.6, 37.6) | 54.2% (45.2, 58.9) | 20.8% (14.4, 24.6) | ||
| Rural | OR (95% CI) | 3.0 (1.8, 5.1) | 2.6 (1.7, 3.9) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.243 | ||
| PAF (95% CI) | 29.2% (17.6, 31.9) | 23.4% (15.5, 27.9) | 3.6% (−2.4, 20.9) | ||
| Interaction P value | 0.647 | 0.019 | 0.005 | ||
| Wheeze | |||||
| Urban | OR (95% CI) | 7.4 (1.7, 33.2) | 4.9 (1.1, 21.7) | ||
| P value | 0.011 | 0.035 | |||
| Rural | OR (95% CI) | 11.9 (5.7, 24.9) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.3) | ||
| P value | <0.001 | 0.403 | |||
| Interaction P value | 0.557 | 0.127 | |||
| Rhinitis | |||||
| Urban | OR (95% CI) | 9.6 (5.6, 16.4) | |||
| P value | <0.001 | ||||
| Rural | OR (95% CI) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) | |||
| P value | 0.429 | ||||
| Interaction P value | <0.001 | ||||
asIgE: ImmunoCAP IgE sensitization to any of D pteronyssinus, A hypogaea, or B germanica on ImmunoCAP; SPT: skin prick test reactivity to any of Dermatophagoides mix, B tropicalis or B germanica.
Odds ratios (ORs), P values and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were obtained from survey design‐adjusted analyses. Visible flexural dermatitis was not assessed because it was rare. Significant associations are highlighted in bold. Interaction P values are shown to denote whether tests for interaction showed statistical evidence for urban‐rural differences in associations between allergy‐related outcomes, or not.