Table 2.

Univariable analysis of various quantitative CT features with baseline FEV₁ (top) and FVC (bottom)

Pulmonary function test	CT pattern	Number of subjects	Beta coefficient	95% CI	P‐value	R2
FEV1	Total lung volume (L)	136	6.54	3.87, 9.20	3 × 10−6	0.15
	Mean lung attenuation (HU)	136	−0.16	−0.21, −0.12	<1 × 10−6	0.26
	Normalized vessel volume (%)	136	−8.27	−12.00, −4.54	2 × 10−5	0.12
	Normalized arterial volume (%)	96	−6.09	−13.87, 1.69	0.12	0.03
	Normalized venous volume (%)	96	−8.88	−18.16, 0.40	0.06	0.04
	Vessel density (vess/L)	136	−0.05	−0.08, −0.01	0.005	0.06
	Arterial density (vess/L)	96	−0.03	−0.10, 0.04	0.35	0.01
	Venous density (vess/L)	96	−0.03	−0.11, 0.04	0.40	0.01
	Vessel heterogeneity (1)	136	−164.60	−718.64, 389.44	0.56	0.00
	Arterial heterogeneity (1)	95	217.28	−321.16, 755.95	0.43	0.01
	Venous heterogeneity (1)	95	58.42	−550.02, 666.86	0.85	0.00
FVC	Total lung volume (L)	136	10.59	8.08, 13.11	<1 × 10−6	0.34
	Mean lung attenuation (HU)	136	−0.24	−0.28, −0.19	<1 × 10−6	0.47
	Normalized vessel volume (%)	136	−13.14	−16.77, −9.51	<1 × 10−6	0.27
	Normalized arterial volume (%)	96	−16.18	−23.69, −8.68	5 × 10−5	0.16
	Normalized venous volume (%)	96	−20.29	−29.22, −11.36	2 × 10−5	0.18
	Vessel density (vess/L)	136	−0.08	−0.11, −0.05	1 × 10−6	0.16
	Arterial density (vess/L)	96	−0.12	−0.19 ‐0.05	0.001	0.11
	Venous density (vess/L)	96	−0.12	−0.20, −0.05	0.003	0.10
	Vessel heterogeneity (1)	136	−471.88	−1060.19, 116.44	0.12	0.02
	Arterial heterogeneity (1)	96	−88.94	−650.98, 473.11	0.75	0.00
	Venous heterogeneity (1)	96	−396.40	−1024.20, 232.07	0.21	0.02

CT, computed tomography; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HU, Hounsfield Unit.