Table 4.

Univariable analysis of various quantitative CT features with baseline TLC (top) and the CPI (bottom)

Pulmonary function test	CT pattern	Number of subjects	Beta coefficient	95% CI	P‐value	R2
TLC	Total lung volume (L)	131	9.69	7.89, 11.49	<1 × 10−6	0.46
	Mean lung attenuation (HU)	131	−0.21	−0.024, −0.18	<1 × 10−6	0.61
	Normalized vessel volume (%)	131	−13.25	−15.77, −10.72	<1 × 10−6	0.45
	Normalized arterial volume (%)	90	−22.73	−28.31, −17.15	<1 × 10−6	0.42
	Normalized venous volume (%)	90	−25.11	−31.94, −18.29	<1 × 10−6	0.38
	Vessel density (vess/L)	131	−0.09	−0.11, −0.07	<1 × 10−6	0.31
	Arterial density (vess/L)	90	−0.17	−0.22, −0.12	<1 × 10−6	0.31
	Venous density (vess/L)	90	−0.17	−0.23, −0.10	6 × 10−6	0.24
	Vessel heterogeneity (1)	131	−485.65	−968.88, −2.42	0.049	0.03
	Arterial heterogeneity (1)	90	−235.98	−739.71, 267.75	0.35	0.01
	Venous heterogeneity (1)	90	−539.40	−1093.49, 14.69	0.06	0.04
CPI	Total lung volume (L)	136	−5.49	−6.99, −4.00	<1 × 10−6	0.28
	Mean lung attenuation (HU)	136	0.14	0.12, 0.16	<1 × 10−6	0.50
	Normalized vessel volume (%)	136	7.66	5.58, 9.74	<1 × 10−6	0.28
	Normalized arterial volume (%)	95	12.51	8.23, 16.80	1 × 10−6	0.26
	Normalized venous volume (%)	95	12.75	7.29, 18.22	1 × 10−5	0.19
	Vessel density (vess/L)	136	0.06	0.04, 0.08	<1 × 10−6	0.27
	Arterial density (vess/L)	95	0.10	0.07, 0.14	1 × 10−5	0.23
	Venous density (vess/L)	95	0.10	0.06, 0.15	5 × 10−5	0.16
	Vessel heterogeneity (1)	136	453.44	124.82, 782.07	0.007	0.05
	Arterial heterogeneity (1)	95	267.12	−67.44, 601.68	0.12	0.03
	Venous heterogeneity (1)	95	360.57	−13.48, 735.36	0.06	0.04

CPI, composite physiologic index; CT, computed tomography; HU, Hounsfield Unit; TLC, total lung capacity.