Table 3.

Predictors of Hospital Admission After a Treat-and-Release Emergency Department Visit^a

Predictor	Patients Without a Hospital Admission (n = 97,159)	Patients With a Hospital Admission (n = 4958)	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) (n = 97,323)b
Patient predisposing characteristics
Age ≥55 y	63.4	74.2	1.35 (1.26, 1.46)
Female	8.2	5.7	0.91 (0.84, 0.99)
African American race	19.1	175	0.84 (0.78, 0.92)
Unknown/missing race	27.9	25.1	0.91 (0.84, 0.99)
Unmarried	54.8	58.8	1.18 (1.10, 1.25)
Enabling resources
Low income	39.0	45.7	1.20 (1.11, 1.29)
Homeless	5.4	9.6	1.61 (1.44, 1.80)
Uninsured	55.2	49.2	0.94 (0.88, 1.00)
Need characteristics
Comorbidity score, mean (SD)c	0.8 (0.8)	1.4 (1.3 )	1.31 (1.27 1.34)
50% or more service-connected disability	24.1	25.6	1.14 (1.06, 1.24)
ED visit in previous 180 days	15.3	21.4	1.10 (1.02, 1.20)
Hospital admission in previous 180 days	8.4	26.2	2.48 (2.28, 2.70)
≥5 primary care visits previous year	30.6	41.8	1.18 (1.11, 1.25)
Aid and Attendance benefitsd	1.8	4.8	1.54 (1.35, 1.76)
Index ED visit characteristics
Weekend visit	19.5	20.7	1.09 (1.02, 1.17)
Primary discharge diagnosis
Injury/acute musculoskeletal	22.8	177	0.87 (0.82, 0.92)
Chronic condition	20.3	28.2	1.30 (1.23, 1.37)
Non-musculoskeletal symptoms	15.4	18.3	1.16 (1.08, 1.24)
Infection	13.9	11.2	0.87 (0.80, 0.94)
Unclassified	27.7	24.5	0.88 (0.84, 0.93)
Facility l ocation
Northeast	13.6	13.6	0.998 (.89, 1.12)
South	45.6	45.7	1.01 (0.95, 1.07)
Midwest	19.3	20.0	1.02 (0.94, 1.10)
West	21.5	20.7	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

CI indicates confidence interval; ED, emergency department.

^aValues are percentages unless indicated otherwise. Facility intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.001; C = 0.69.

^bModel sample size reduced due to case deletions for missing data.

^cAccording to Diagnostic Cost Groups score.

^dIndicates severe functional impairment.