Fig. 1. Phenotypic and genomic change in the selection experiment.

a Summary of the phenotypic change observed in the selection experiment, as reported in Leaver and Reimchen⁴¹, with colours indicating trait increase or decrease and asterisks indicating significant change. Phenotypic change in six bony predator defence traits (FSL: first dorsal spine length, SSL: second dorsal spine length, PSL: pelvic spine length, # plates: number of lateral plates, LP3H: lateral plate 3 height, LP2: lateral plate 2 frequency), four feeding morphology traits (LJL: lower jaw length, # rakers: number of gill rakers, GRL: gill raker length, GRS: gill raker spacing) and eye diameter (ED) was in the expected direction, i.e. parallel, given the shift from vertebrate- to invertebrate-dominated predation and zooplankton- to invertebrate-dominated diet and observed phenotypic divergence between large lake and small pond populations in the adaptive radiation on Haida Gwaii⁴¹. SL: standard length. b Transplant of 100 adult giant threespine stickleback from Mayer Lake into Roadside Pond and evolution for 13 generations led to moderate genomic differentiation (F_ST), a minor reduction nucleotide diversity (π) and to a positive shift in the Tajima’s D (T_D) distribution. c Even though several rare alleles were fixed, allele frequencies (AF) did not change much over 13 generations. MAF: minor allele frequency.