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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 23.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2018 Oct 23;32(16):2337–2346. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001988

Table 3.

Association of Individual ARVs with Latent Measures of Heart Function, Wall Stress, and Size in Models Mutually Adjusting for All Other ARVs

Better Heart Function Larger Heart Size Higher Heart Wall Stress
ARV Drug or Regimen Factor Score Est. (se) p-value Repeated Measures Model Est. (se) p-value Factor Score Est. (se) p-value Repeated Measures Model Est. (se) p-value Factor Score Est. (se) p-value Repeated Measures Model Est. (se) p-value
Model for overall regimen: (cART with PI vs other regimen)
cART with PI −0.30 (0.11) 0.007 −0.27 (0.09) 0.003 0.10 (0.10) 0.35 0.10 (0.09) 0.30 0.03 (0.12) 0.79 −0.004 (0.09) 0.96
Mutually adjusted models including all ARVs
ART Drug Class: NRTIs
 Lamivudine (3TC) −0.02 (0.14) 0.89 −0.07 (0.12) 0.58 −0.18 (0.13) 0.18 −0.21 (0.12) 0.081 −0.02 (0.16) 0.91 −0.16 (0.11) 0.17
 Abacavir (ABC) −0.25 (0.14) 0.067 −0.16 (0.11) 0.15 0.19 (0.12) 0.13 0.12 (0.12) 0.30 0.09 (0.15) 0.55 0.13 (0.11) 0.22
 Zidovudine (ZDV) −0.07 (0.15) 0.64 −0.05 (0.13) 0.68 0.36 (0.14) 0.010 0.23 (0.13) 0.079 0.32 (0.17) 0.061 0.31 (0.12) 0.011
ART Drug Class: NNRTIs
 Efavirenz (EFV) 0.02 (0.16) 0.92 −0.06 (0.13) 0.67 −0.17 (0.14) 0.23 −0.26 (0.13) 0.054 −0.07 (0.17) 0.67 −0.08 (0.12) 0.50
 Nevirapine (NVP) 0.05 (0.24) 0.84 −0.13 (0.19) 0.50 0.44 (0.21) 0.038 0.26 (0.20) 0.19 −0.04 (0.26) 0.88 −0.03 (0.19) 0.89
ART Drug Class: PIs
 Lopinavir (LPV/r) 0.31 (0.15) 0.034 0.21 (0.12) 0.084 0.16 (0.13) 0.23 0.08 (0.12) 0.50 0.02 (0.16) 0.88 −0.01 (0.11) 0.90

cART=combination antiretroviral therapy; NNRTI-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI=protease inhibitor; se=standard error

All models adjust for all other ARV drugs, along with age, sex, race, ethnicity, and BMI Z-score at echocardiogram.

Parameter estimates reflect shift in mean z-score for each ARV drug. Only those ARV drugs with p<0.10 for at least one latent outcome are shown.

Repeated measures models include correlated set of echocardiogram parameters assuming unstructured covariance:

for Function: ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and contractility; for Size: LV mass, ED Dimension, ES volume; for Stress: ES Wall Stress, Thickness-to-Dimension Ratio, ED Wall Thickness, ED Septal Thickness.