Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing emergency endovascular aneurysm repair
| LA (n = 319) | GA (n = 435) | RA (n = 41) | MD (LA versus GA) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years)* | 79·4(8·2) | 77·0(9·0) | 79·9(7·3) | 0·27 |
| Sex ratio (M : F) | 274 : 45 | 368 : 67 | 37 : 4 | 0·04 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current or stopped < 2 months previously | 61 (19·1) | 113 of 431 (26·2) | 9 (22) | −0·17 |
| Ex‐smoker | 196 (61·4) | 240 of 431 (55·7) | 23 (56) | 0·12 |
| Never smoker | 62 (19·4) | 78 of 431 (18·1) | 9 (22) | 0·03 |
| ASA grade | ||||
| I (normal) | 1 (0·3) | 3 (0·7) | 0 (0) | −0·05 |
| II (mild disease) | 8 (2·5) | 16 (3·7) | 2 (5) | −0·07 |
| III (severe, not life‐threatening) | 41 (12·9) | 64 (14·7) | 12 (29) | −0·05 |
| IV (severe, life‐threatening) | 219 (68·7) | 287 (66·0) | 23 (56) | 0·06 |
| V (moribund) | 50 (15·7) | 65 (14·9) | 4 (10) | 0·02 |
| AAA maximum diameter (mm)* | 75·8(17·7) | 72·8(20·1) | 72·6(21·4) | 0·16 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Co‐morbidity on admission (any) | 276 (86·5) | 386 (88·7) | 36 (88) | −0·07 |
| Diabetes | 42 (13·2) | 66 (15·2) | 5 (12) | −0·06 |
| Hypertension | 220 (69·0) | 285 (65·5) | 21 (51) | 0·07 |
| Stroke | 21 (6·6) | 31 (7·1) | 3 (7) | −0·02 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 125 (39·2) | 177 (40·7) | 19 (46) | −0·03 |
| Chronic heart failure | 28 (8·8) | 32 (7·4) | 3 (7) | 0·05 |
| Chronic renal disease | 55 (17·2) | 77 (17·7) | 11 (27) | −0·01 |
| Chronic lung disease | 98 (30·7) | 113 (26·0) | 19 (46) | 0·11 |
| Hardman index | ||||
| Age > 76 years | 217 (68·0) | 262 of 434 (60·4) | 29 (71) | 0·16 |
| Haemoglobin < 9 g/dl | 20 of 152 (13·2) | 35 of 219 (16·0) | 3 of 12 (25) | −0·08 |
| Serum creatinine > 190 μmol/l | 29 of 318 (9·1) | 42 of 434 (9·7) | 3 (7) | −0·02 |
| Abnormal ECG | 149 of 284 (52·5) | 176 of 377 (46·7) | 20 of 38 (53) | 0·12 |
| No. of Hardman factors (complete case) | ||||
| 0 | 18 of 136 (13·2) | 35 of 179 (19·6) | 1 of 10 (10) | −0·17 |
| 1 | 55 of 136 (40·4) | 63 of 179 (35·2) | 5 of 10 (50) | 0·11 |
| 2 | 47 of 136 (34·6) | 59 of 179 (33·0) | 2 of 10 (20) | 0·03 |
| 3 | 15 of 136 (11·0) | 20 of 179 (11·2) | 1 of 10 (10) | −0·005 |
| 4 | 1 of 136 (0·7) | 2 of 179 (1·1) | 1 of 10 (10) | −0·04 |
| No. of Hardman factors (imputed) | ||||
| 0 | 46 (14·4) | 89 (20·5) | 5 (12) | −0·16 |
| 1 | 137 (42·9) | 175 (40·2) | 18 (44) | 0·06 |
| 2 | 105 (32·9) | 140 (32·2) | 15 (37) | 0·02 |
| 3 | 30 (9·4) | 28 (6·4) | 2 (5) | 0·11 |
| 4 | 1 (0·3) | 3 (0·7) | 1 (2) | −0·05 |
Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise;
*
values are mean(s.d.) with data missing for one patient in the general anaesthesia (GA) group. LA, local anaesthesia; RA, regional anaesthesia; MD, mean difference; AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm.