Table 2.
Underlying causes of death and corresponding SMRs at 5 y following unscheduled admissions for alcoholic liver disease and hepatic failure in England and Wales
| Underlying cause of death | ICD‐10 codes | Alcoholic liver disease | Hepatic failure | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of deaths | (% of all deaths) | SMR | (95% CI) | No. of deaths | (% of all deaths) | SMR | (95% CI) | ||
| Gastrointestinal diseases | K00‐K93 | 13 886 | (74.7) | 184.3 | (181.2, 187.4) | 1164 | (55.6) | 66.4 | (62.6, 70.2) |
| Liver disease | K70‐K77 | 13 429 | (72.2) | 333.2 | (327.6, 338.8) | 1068 | (51.0) | 239.6 | (225.4, 254.2) |
| Alcoholic liver disease | K70 | 10 861 | (58.4) | 378.3 | (371.2, 385.4) | 497 | (23.7) | 184.5 | (168.7, 201.1) |
| Hepatic failure | K72 | 170 | (0.9) | 271.3 | (232.1, 313.6) | 117 | (5.6) | 1068.3 | (883.5, 1270.6) |
| Other liver disease | K71, K73‐K77 | 2398 | (12.9) | 218.6 | (210.0, 227.5) | 454 | (21.7) | 274.3 | (249.7, 300.1) |
| Fibrosis & cirrhosis of liver | K74 | 1651 | (8.9) | 247.2 | (235.5, 259.3) | 328 | (15.7) | 336.2 | (300.8, 373.6) |
| Non‐alcoholic hepatic steatosis | K76.0 | 71 | (0.4) | 45.9 | (35.9, 57.3) | 29 | (1.4) | 169.2 | (113.2, 236.4) |
| Portal hypertension | K76.6 | 14 | (0.1) | 317.2 | (184.3, 485.9) | * | * | 213.8 | (20.2, 612.8) |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | K76.7 | 89 | (0.5) | 492.1 | (395.2, 599.6) | * | * | 173.3 | (33.8, 358.4) |
| Other gastrointestinal diseases | K00‐K67, K80‐K93 | 457 | (2.5) | 13.0 | (12.0, 14.3) | 96 | (4.6) | 7.3 | (5.9, 8.8) |
| Oesophageal and gastric varices | I85, I86.4 | 24 | (0.1) | 130.2 | (83.3, 187.4) | * | * | 71.7 | (6.8, 205.6) |
| Oesophageal ulcer | K22.1 | 20 | (0.1) | 41.0 | (25.0, 60.9) | * | * | 9.6 | (0.0, 37.8) |
| Perforated peptic ulcer & peritonitis | K25‐K27, K65 | 170 | (0.9) | 21.1 | (18.6, 25.1) | 16 | (0.8) | 6.7 | (3.8, 11.4) |
| Herniae | K40‐K43, K45, K46 | 20 | (0.1) | 14.9 | (9.1, 22.1) | * | * | 3.8 | (0.4, 11.0) |
| Intestinal obstruction | K56 | 12 | (0.1) | 4.3 | (2.2, 7.2) | * | * | 0.8 | (0.0, 3.0) |
| Diverticular disease | K57 | 16 | (0.1) | 6.7 | (3.8, 10.4) | * | * | 3.1 | (0.8, 7.0) |
| Acute pancreatitis | K85 | 44 | (0.2) | 15.7 | (11.4, 20.7) | 10 | (0.5) | 14.8 | (7.1, 25.4) |
| Chronic pancreatitis | K86.0, K86.1 | 26 | (0.1) | 35.7 | (23.3, 50.8) | * | * | 12.5 | (0.0, 48.8) |
| Cancers | C00‐C96 | 852 | (4.6) | 2.1 | (2.0, 2.3) | 241 | (11.5) | 2.5 | (2.2, 2.8) |
| Liver cancer | C22 | 316 | (1.7) | 30.8 | (27.5, 34.3) | 71 | (3.4) | 32.6 | (25.5, 40.7) |
| Other gastrointestinal cancers | C15‐C21, C23‐C26 | 124 | (0.7) | 1.1 | (1.0, 1.4) | 52 | (2.5) | 2.0 | (1.5, 2.6) |
| Oesophageal cancer | C15 | 46 | (0.2) | 1.9 | (1.4, 2.5) | * | * | 0.4 | (0.0, 1.2) |
| Gastric cancer | C16 | 6 | (0.0) | 0.5 | (0.2, 0.9) | * | * | 0.3 | (0.0, 1.1) |
| Colorectal cancer | C18‐C20 | 36 | (0.2) | 1.7 | (1.2, 2.3) | 16 | (0.8) | 3.2 | (1.9, 2.5) 5.0) |
| Pancreatic cancer | C25 | 23 | (0.1) | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.6) | 27 | (1.3) | 5.5 | (3.6, 7.7) |
| Other cancers | C00‐C14, C30‐C97 | 412 | (2.2) | 1.4 | (1.3, 1.6) | 118 | (5.6) | 1.7 | (1.4, 2.0) |
| Mouth and throat cancer | C00‐C14, C32 | 88 | (0.5) | 7.9 | (6.3, 9.6) | * | * | 2.8 | (0.9, 5.8) |
| Lung cancer | C33, C34 | 116 | (0.6) | 1.2 | (1.0, 1.4) | 15 | (0.7) | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.1) |
| Breast cancer | C50 | 21 | (0.1) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.4) | 26 | (1.2) | 4.3 | (2.8, 6.1) |
| Prostate cancer | C61 | 17 | (0.1) | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.0) | 10 | (0.5) | 1.3 | (0.6, 2.2) |
| Lymphomas | C81‐C96 | 15 | (0.1) | 0.5 | (0.3, 0.8) | 16 | (0.8) | 2.1 | (1.2, 3.3) |
| Infectious diseases | A00‐B99 | 314 | (1.7) | 23.8 | (21.3, 26.5) | 126 | (6.0) | 28.8 | (24.0, 34.0) |
| Viral hepatitis | B15‐B19 | 160 | (0.9) | 123.6 | (105.2, 143.5) | 93 | (4.4) | 685.5 | (533.3, 831.9) |
| Septicaemia | A40, A41 | 92 | (0.5) | 23.8 | (19.2, 28.9) | 21 | (1.0) | 14.5 | (9.1, 21.4) |
| Circulatory diseases | I00‐I99 | 1333 | (7.2) | 4.0 | (3.8, 4.2) | 239 | (11.4) | 2.0 | (1.7, 2.2) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | I20‐I25 | 517 | (2.8) | 2.8 | (2.5, 3.0) | 109 | (5.2) | 1.9 | (1.6, 2.3) |
| Stroke | I61‐I64 | 271 | (1.5) | 5.8 | (5.1, 6.5) | 26 | (1.2) | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.6) |
| Respiratory diseases | J00‐J99 | 614 | (3.3) | 5.2 | (4.6, 5.4) | 62 | (3.0) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.5) |
| Pneumonia | J12‐J18 | 216 | (1.2) | 6.1 | (5.2, 6.7) | 32 | (1.5) | 1.6 | (1.1, 2.1) |
| COPD | J40‐J44 | 190 | (1.0) | 3.5 | (3.0, 4.1) | 11 | (0.5) | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.0) |
| Mental and behavioural disorders | F00‐F99 | 272 | (1.5) | 13.7 | (12.1, 15.4) | 19 | (0.9) | 1.5 | (0.9, 2.3) |
| Due to alcohol use | F10 | 210 | (1.1) | 54.8 | (47.6, 62.4) | 13 | (0.6) | 35.5 | (18.9, 57.5) |
| Due to drug use | F11‐F19 | 47 | (0.3) | 15.6 | (11.5, 20.4) | * | * | 7.3 | (0.7, 21.0) |
| Injury and poisoning | V01‐Y98 | 517 | (2.8) | 9.7 | (8.9, 10.6) | 52 | (2.5) | 5.4 | (4.1, 7.0) |
| Accidental falls | W00‐W19 | 145 | (0.8) | 18.9 | (15.9, 22.1) | 8 | (0.4) | 3.3 | (1.4, 6.1) |
| Transport accidents | V01‐V89 | 25 | (0.1) | 3.2 | (2.1, 4.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | |
| Accidental poisoning | X40‐X49 | 117 | (0.6) | 21.2 | (17.5, 25.2) | 18 | (0.9) | 33.4 | (19.8, 50.6) |
| Homicide | X85‐Y09 | * | (0.0) | 3.9 | (1.0, 8.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | |
| Suicide | X60‐X84, Y10‐Y33.8 | 80 | (0.4) | 4.0 | (3.2, 4.9) | 14 | (0.7) | 6.8 | (3.7, 10.8) |
| All causes of death | A00‐Z99 | 18 590 | (100) | 16.7 | (16.5, 16.9) | 2095 | (100) | (6.3) | (6.0, 6.6) |
*
Denotes small numbers of cases ≤ 5.