Table 2.
Bivariate Modela | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence | Subsample no. 12‐m MDD | |||||
n (w) | % (w) | (SE) | OR | 95%CI | PARP (%) | |
II. Twelve‐month stressful experiences | ||||||
Life‐threatening illness or injury of a friend or family member | 481 | 21.5 | 1.1 | 1.18 | (0.60–2.34) | 3.9 |
Death of a friend or family member | 437 | 19.5 | 1.0 | 1.07 | (0.52–2.20) | 1.7 |
Break‐up with a romantic partner | 394 | 17.7 | 1.0 | 2.63 | (1.37–5.09) | 20.3 |
Romantic partner cheated | 87 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 3.81 | (1.11–13.07) | 8.5 |
Serious betrayal someone else than partner | 210 | 9.4 | 0.7 | 2.35 | (1.07–5.17) | 10.4 |
Serious ongoing arguments or break‐up with friend or family member | 284 | 12.7 | 0.8 | 2.78 | (1.46–5.31) | 16.7 |
Life‐threatening accident | 22 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 2.60 | (0.21–32.11) | 1.9 |
Seriously physically assaulted | 65 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 1.22 | (0.18–8.09) | 1.2 |
Sexually assaulted or raped | 8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.26 | (0.13–38.25) | 0.6 |
Any serious legal problem | 44 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 2.20 | (0.31–15.73) | 2.6 |
Any stressful event | 1,177 | 52.5 | 1.2 | 2.12 | (1.20–3.75) | 34.5 |
Number of stressful experiences | ||||||
0 | 1,065 | 47.5 | 1.2 | (ref) | – | – |
1 | 620 | 27.6 | 1.1 | 1.53 | (0.83–2.82) | 8.8 |
2 | 355 | 15.9 | 0.9 | 2.04 | (1.01–4.13) | 9.8 |
3+ | 202 | 9.0 | 0.7 | 4.29 | (1.85–9.96) | 16.2 |
F‐test (p‐value)b | F = 2.69 (0.046) | |||||
III. Traumatic experiences (≤ age 17) | ||||||
Parental psychopathology | 637 | 28.4 | 1.1 | 1.96 | (1.13–3.39) | 19.7 |
Physical abuse | 96 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 2.01 | (0.74–5.45) | 4.0 |
Emotional abuse | 329 | 14.7 | 0.8 | 2.51 | (1.34–4.71) | 16.4 |
Sexual abuse | 18 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 8.01 | (1.64–39.06) | 3.6 |
Neglect | 116 | 5.2 | 0.5 | 1.44 | (0.51–4.05) | 2.4 |
Bully victimization | 570 | 25.4 | 1.1 | 1.19 | (0.68–2.09) | 4.5 |
Dating violence | 115 | 5.1 | 0.5 | 2.94 | (1.03–8.40) | 8.5 |
Any traumatic experience | 1,141 | 50.9 | 1.2 | 2.00 | (1.17–3.43) | 31.5 |
Number of traumatic experiences | ||||||
0 | 1,099 | 49.1 | 1.2 | (ref) | – | – |
1 | 688 | 30.7 | 1.1 | 1.46 | (0.80–2.66) | 9.0 |
2 | 272 | 12.1 | 0.8 | 2.57 | (1.28–5.15) | 11.4 |
3+ | 181 | 8.1 | 0.7 | 3.43 | (1.52–7.74) | 11.7 |
F‐test (p‐value)b | F = 3.04 (0.029) |
Note. Significant odds ratios/PARPs are shown in bold (α = 0.05); OR = odds ratio; PARP = population attributable risk proportion.
The bivariate associations are based on a separate model for each row, with the variable in the row as the only predictor in the model, adjusted for lifetime MDD at baseline.
Cochran–Armitage trend test. The F‐test evaluates significance (α = 0.05) of 200 pooled Cochran–Armitage χ2 (3) linear trend tests.