Table 2.
Frequency of T cells from bronchoalveolar lavage cells producing cytokines during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in non‐human primates (n = 28). CD4, CD4CD8, and CD8 T cells within the T cell gate (CD3+) are shown in the top row
| BAL | Weeks post‐Mtb infection | CD4 | CD4CD8 | CD8 | P value (CD4 vs CD4CD8) | P value (CD8 vs CD4CD8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median [25%, 75%] | Median [25%, 75%] | Median [25%, 75%] | ||||
| T cell % | 0 | 36.8 [31.4‐45.6] | 4.0 [2.5‐6.2] | 39.7 [31.3‐46.1] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| 4 wk | 30.5 [22.4‐42.0] | 8.0 [4.1‐15.3] | 42 [40.5‐49.6] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| 12 wk | 37.4 [23.0‐45.2] | 3.9 [2.5‐12.6] | 44.6 [39.9‐52.5] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Dx | 33.4 [26.6‐44.3] | 2.9 [1.2‐9.2] | 50.2 [40.8‐56.6] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| IFN‐γ % | 0 | 0.75 [0.4‐2.2] | 6.5 [0.6‐16.0] | 2.1 [0.7‐5.5] | 0.0027 | 0.0232 |
| 4 wk | 2.9 [1.1‐9.4] | 5.3 [2.8‐9.6] | 1.4 [0.5‐2.5] | 0.0753 | <0.0001 | |
| 12 wk | 2.9 [0.98‐6.3] | 3.4 [1.4‐5.6] | 0.85 [0.5‐2.2] | 0.0001 | ||
| Dx | 1.45 [0.5‐4.1] | 1.2 [0.3‐2.8] | 0.3 [0.1‐0.6] | 0.0126 | ||
| IL‐10% | 0 | 2.3 [0.9‐7.3] | 8.1 [3.3‐13.6] | 2.5 [1.1‐3.7] | 0.0192 | 0.0020 |
| 4 wk | 1 [0.2‐3.7] | 6.1 [2.2‐13.2] | 1.1 [0.38‐4.3] | 0.0284 | 0.0365 | |
| 12 wk | 1.9 [0.6‐5.4] | 9.7 [4.9‐19.2] | 2.4 [0.5‐13.6] | 0.0015 | ||
| Dx | 0.66 [0.2‐3.2] | 7.1 [0‐13.6] | 1.7 [0.05‐6.5] | |||
| IL‐17% | 0 | 1.4 [0.7‐3.1] | 5.6 [2.6‐14.6] | 1.25 [0.6‐2.6] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| 4 wk | 2.4 [1.2‐7.9] | 5.3 [2.4‐10.4] | 0.95 [0.5‐3.7] | 0.0464 | 0.0016 | |
| 12 wk | 0.8 [0.3‐2.6] | 2.8 [1.6‐7.7] | 0.3 [0.1‐0.58] | 0.0008 | <0.0001 | |
| Dx | 0.34 [0‐1.9] | 4.76 [1.7‐9.9] | 0.35 [0.1‐0.65] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| IL‐2% | 0 | 1.3 [0.8‐5.5] | 5.1 [2.3‐9.6] | 1.3 [0.8‐2.6] | 0.0046 | 0.0001 |
| 4 wk | 3.6 [1.5‐5.2] | 4.7 [3.3‐7.0] | 1.6 [0.9‐2.1] | 0.0003 | ||
| 12 wk | 2.3 [1.4‐3.4] | 3.4 [2.4‐5.1] | 0.8 [0.5‐1.7] | 0.0460 | <0.0001 | |
| Dx | 2.1 [1.0‐3.2] | 2.4 [0.9‐5.8] | 1.1 [0.2‐1.7] | 0.0236 | ||
| TNF % | 0 | 1.5 [0.9‐4] | 6.5 [1.6‐10.7] | 2.8 [1.5‐7.8] | <0.0051 | |
| 4 wk | 6.8 [3‐12.3] | 10.0 [4.1‐19.4] | 2.6 [0.9‐9.2] | 0.0018 | ||
| 12 wk | 5.1 [2.5‐8.1] | 5.2 [3.2‐7.4] | 2 [1.0‐3.0] | 0.0001 | ||
| Dx | 1.8 [0.2‐5.2] | 0.76 [0.4‐5.3] | 1.2 [0.2‐3.2] |
Percentages of cells expressing each cytokine are represented for CD4, CD4CD8, or CD8 T cells from cells stimulated with ESAT6/CFP10. Analysis performed on each pair of cell types at each time point using the Wilcoxon method (unadjusted P‐values shown in last column).
Dx, time that clinical outcome is declared (active disease or latent infection); Wk, weeks post‐infection.
Significance is P ≤ 0.05.