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. 2019 Feb 19;6(1):e000294. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000294

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Lupus serum induces neutrophil chemotaxis. (A) Humanumbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated for 6 hours with 50% serum and transwell inserts containing 50 000 calcein AM neutrophils/insert were placed in the well as outlined in the ‘Materials and methods’ section. Images represent calcein am (green) stained neutrophils (first column), bright field +calcein AM stained (second column) of HUVEC cells exposed to endothelial basal medium 2 (EBM-2) (control), Interleukin (IL)-8 (positive control) healthy serum, or SLE serum (B) The graph represents the mean ratio of endothelial cells/neutrophils±SEM n=5 SLE, n=5 SLE +LN, n=5 healthy, n=3 buffer controls. All data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Dunn’s post-test.++p<0.01 compared with healthy control.