Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and cardiac magnetic resonance measurements of 72 patients with mitral annulus disjunction (MAD), dichotomised by soluble suppression of tumourigenicity-2 (sST2) levels <or ≥ the optimal cut-off value
| Total (n=72) | sST2 <26 ng/mL (n=36) | sST2 ≥26 ng/mL (n=36) | P value | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years (IQR) | 55 (35–62) | 52 (34–61) | 58 (25–64) | 0.65 |
| Female, n (%) | 48 (67) | 29 (81) | 19 (53) | 0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m² (±SD) | 22.6 (±3.1) | 22.5 (±3.4) | 22.7 (±2.8) | 0.77 |
| NYHA functional class (IQR) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 0.36 |
| Atrial fibrillation†, n (%) | 5 (7) | 1 (3) | 4 (11) | 0.36 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia, n (%) | 22 (31) | 7 (19) | 15 (42) | 0.04 |
| Cardiac magnetic resonance | ||||
| LVEDVi, mL/m2 (±SD) | 85 (±19) | 82 (±17) | 87 (±20) | 0.24 |
| LVESVi, mL/m2 (±SD) | 32 (±10) | 31 (±9) | 34 (±10) | 0.17 |
| LVEF, % (±SD) | 62 (±6) | 63 (±6) | 61 (±7) | 0.24 |
| Mitral regurgitant volume*, mL (IQR) | 17 (9–26) | 20 (8–25) | 16 (10–28) | 0.44 |
| MVP present, n (%) | 52 (72) | 25 (69) | 27 (75) | 0.60 |
| Longitudinal MAD on 3CH, mm (IQR) | 2 (0–6) | 2 (0–6) | 3 (0–5) | 0.92 |
| Circumferential MAD, ˚ (IQR) | 180 (120–210) | 180 (120–210) | 180 (120–210) | 0.48 |
| LGE present, n (%) | 36 (50) | 18 (50) | 18 (50) | 1.00 |
| LGE in LV myocardium, n (%) | 21 (29) | 11 (31) | 10 (28) | 0.80 |
| LGE in papillary muscles, n (%) | 24 (33) | 10 (28) | 14 (39) | 0.32 |
The optimal cut-off value was defined by receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. The p values are calculated by Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Fischer’s exact test as appropriate.
*Aortic forward flow was available in 21 (29%) patients.
†Atrial fibrillation present at the time of inclusion.
LGE, late gadolinium enhancement;LVEDVi, left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed for body surface area;LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction;LVESVi, left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed for body surface area;MR, mitral regurgitation;MVP, mitral valve prolapse;NYHA, New York Heart Association.