Table 2.
Clinical characteristics, cardiac magnetic resonance measurements and biomarker levels of 72 patients with mitral annulus disjunction, dichotomised in ventricular arrhythmia (VA) (n=22) and no VA (n=50)
| No VA (n=50) | VA (n=22) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Clinical | |||||
| Age, years (IQR) | 57 (35–63) | 48 (32–61) | 0.35 | ||
| Female, n (%) | 33 (66) | 15 (68) | 0.86 | ||
| NYHA functional class, (IQR) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 0.88 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation§, n (%) | 7 (14) | 3 (14) | 1.00 | ||
| CMR | |||||
| LVEF, % (±SD) | 63 (±6) | 60 (±6) | 0.04 | 0.64* (0.41 to 1.05) | 0.05 |
| LVEDVi, mL/m2 (±SD) | 84 (±19) | 87 (±19) | 0.44 | ||
| LVESVi, mL/m2 (±SD) | 31 (±10) | 35 (±9) | 0.09 | ||
| Mitral regurgitant volume, mL (IQR) | 21 (9–26) | 14 (7–27) | 0.70 | ||
| No or mild MR, n (%) | 42 (84) | 18 (82) | 0.82 | ||
| Moderate MR, n (%) | 7 (14) | 4 (18) | 0.73 | ||
| Severe MR, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | ||
| Bileaflet MVP, n (%) | 22 (44) | 9 (41) | 0.81 | ||
| Spheriticy index†, (IQR) | 0.28 (0.26–0.32) | 0.28 (0.20–0.34) | 0.66 | ||
| LGE in LV myocardium, n (%) | 13 (26) | 8 (36) | 0.37 | ||
| LGE in papillary muscles, n (%) | 10 (20) | 14 (64) | <0.001 | 7.26 (2.34 to 22.53) | 0.001 |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| sST2, ng/mL (±SD) | 25.3 (±9.2) | 31.6 (±10.1) | 0.01 | 1.52‡ (1.10 to 2.06) | 0.01 |
| TGFβ1, ng/mL (IQR) | 2.21 (1.70–3.98) | 2.59 (1.86–4.64) | 0.29 | ||
| NT-pro-BNP, pmol/L (IQR) | 9.7 (5.6–22.5) | 14.5 (7.0–42.4) | 0.31 | ||
| CRP, mg/L (IQR) | 0.7 (0.0–2.1) | 0.9 (0.0–1.7) | 0.62 | ||
| Creatinine, µmol/L (±SD) | 72 (±14) | 76 (±15) | 0.40 |
The p values are calculated by Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test or χ2 test as appropriate. OR for the occurrence of VA, adjusted for age and sex, was calculated by logistic regression analysis.
*OR per 5% increment of LVEF.
†Measured in 51 patients (no VA n=35 and VA n=16).
‡OR per 5 ng/mL increment of sST2.
§Combination of a history of and current paroxysmal or permanent atrial fibrillation.
CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance;CRP, C reactive protein;LGE, late gadolinium enhancement;LVEDVi, left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed for body surface area;LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction;LVESVi, left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed for body surface area;MR, mitral regurgitation;MVP, mitral valve prolapse;NT-pro-BNP, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide;sST2, soluble suppression of tumourigenicity-2.