Table 1.

Commonly Assessed Cognitive Domains and Representative Neuropsychological Tests in Major Depressive Disorder Studies^a

Domain	Description	Representative Tests
Attention	Encompasses ability to focus, maintain, and shift attention	Continuous Performance Test–Identical Pairs
Processing speed	Ability to rapidly perceive or respond to stimuli	Trail Making Test Part A; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; Category Fluency: Animal Naming and Phonetic Fluency
Working memory	Temporary storage and manipulation of information	Spatial Span subtest (WMS-III); Letter-number sequencing (WMS-III); Digit Span Forward and Backward (WAIS-R); Spatial Working Memory (CANTAB); n-Back Test
Verbal learning and memory	Encompasses learning, encoding, retention, and retrieval of verbal information	California Verbal Learning Test–Revised; Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Visual learning and memory	Ability to retain and retrieve visual images	Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised; Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; Visual Memory Index; Pattern Recognition Memory (CANTAB); Spatial Recognition Memory (CANTAB); Delayed Matching to Sample (CANTAB); Paired Associates Learning (CANTAB);
Executive functioning	Ability to plan, problem solve, and inhibit affectively charged or inappropriate responses	Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Trail-Making Test Part B; Stroop Color-Word Interference Test; Tower of London (CANTAB); Controlled Oral Word Association Test; Stockings of Cambridge (CANTAB); Intra/Extradimensional Shift Test (CANTAB)

^aWMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale, 3rd ed.; WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised; CANTAB, Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.