Table 1. Joint motion and other characteristics of older adults in this study.
| Variable | Mean (SD) or N (%) |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age at gait testing (years) | 81.4 (8.4) |
| Female | 40 (81.6%) |
| Education (years) | 16.3 (2.8) |
| Hip and knee motion (depth-sensing camera) | |
| Hip range of motion (degrees) | 36.2 (7.4) |
| Knee range of motion (degrees) | 49.4 (6.4) |
| Mobility measures (wearable sensor on lower back) | |
| Gait speed (composite of z-scores) | 0.24 (0.66) |
| Gait cadence (composite of z-scores) | 0.23 (1.05) |
| Gait step variability (composite of z-scores) | 0.03 (1.13) |
| Gait stride regularity (composite of z-scores) | 0.22 (0.85) |
| Transition 1 duration (composite of z-scores) | 0.66 (0.76) |
| Transition 1 range (composite of z-scores) | 0.50 (0.81) |
| Transition 1 median (composite of z-scores) | 0.13 (0.87) |
| Transition 2 jerk (composite of z-scores) | 0.20 (0.78) |
| Transition 2 range (composite of z-scores) | 0.33 (0.71) |
| Turn yaw (composite of z-scores) | 0.15 (0.92) |
| Turn frequency (composite of z-scores) | -0.02 (0.88) |
| Standing with eyes closed sway (composite of z-scores) | -0.31 (0.81) |
| Actigraphy (wrist-worn monitor) | |
| Total daily physical activity (counts/day÷105) | 1.69 (0.82) |
| Other conventional motor and mobility-related clinical measures | |
| Composite motor measure (composite of z-scores) | 1.00 (0.23) |
| Parkinsonian gait (square root of score out of 100; higher = more signs) | 8.2 (10.9) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 (4.6) |
| Mobility disability (Rosow-Breslau scale 0 to 3; higher = more disability) | 0.44 (0.74) |
| Fall history (one or more in the past year) | 21 (42.9%) |
|
Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS; scores out of 100, lower = worse) |
|
| Pain | 86.7 (16.7) |
| Symptoms | 88.2 (13.7) |
| Quality of life | 80.7 (22.0) |
| Activities of daily living | 88.9 (14.5) |
| Sports | 81.9 (24.1) |
|
Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS; scores out of 100, lower = worse) |
|
| Pain | 88.3 (17.6) |
| Symptoms | 67.4 (16.5) |
| Quality of life | 77.1 (21.9) |
| Activities of daily living | 90.2 (14.1) |
| Sports | 77.1 (27.9) |
| Participation in activities | |
| Physical (hours/week) | 2.94 (3.21) |
| Social (1 = infrequent, 5 = very frequent) | 2.77 (0.56) |
| Cognitive (1 = infrequent, 5 = very frequent) | 3.21 (0.58) |
| Vascular diseases | |
| Stroke | 1 (2.0%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 3 (6.1%) |
| Claudication | 9 (18.4%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 3 (6.1%) |
| Total number of vascular diseases reported (0 to 4) | 0.33 (0.57) |
| Vascular disease risk factors | |
| Hypertension | 27 (55.1%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (14.3%) |
| Smoker (either current or former) | 24 (49.0%) |
| Total number of vascular risk factors reported (0 to 3) | 1.18 (0.83) |