Table 3. Hazard ratios of ischemic heart disease according to lifestyle-related factors stratified by the status of BMI and FBG levels.
| BMI < 25 | BMI ≥ 25 | P interactiond |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Person-year | HRa | 95% CI | FBG < 100 | FBG ≥ 100 | P interactionc |
Cases | Person-year | HRa | 95% CI | FBG < 100 | FBG ≥ 100 | P interactionc |
|||||||||||||||
| Cases | Person-year | HRb | 95% CI | Cases | Person-year | HRb | 95% CI | Cases | Person-year | HRb | 95% CI | Cases | Person-year | HRb | 95% CI | |||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meal type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balanced | 14,084 | 1,197,496 | 1.00 | Ref. | 10,614 | 977,369 | 1.00 | Ref. | 3,470 | 220,127 | 1.00 | Ref. | 7,785 | 451,436 | 1.00 | Ref. | 5,356 | 327,728 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,429 | 123,708 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Mainly vegetables | 4,430 | 320,896 | 1.02 | (0.99, 1.06) | 3,468 | 262,087 | 1.05 | (1.01, 1.09) | 962 | 58,809 | 0.94 | (0.88, 1.01) | 1,588 | 79,909 | 0.99 | (0.94, 1.04) | 1,101 | 58,905 | 0.97 | (0.91, 1.04) | 487 | 21,004 | 1.03 | (0.94, 1.14) | ||||
| Mainly meat | 1,916 | 92,481 | 1.20 | (1.12, 1.28) | 1,707 | 77,189 | 1.20 | (1.12, 1.30) | 209 | 15,292 | 1.17 | (1.01, 1.34) | 0.0106 | 660 | 46,212 | 1.08 | (0.999, 1.174) | 418 | 33,372 | 1.03 | (0.93, 1.14) | 242 | 12,840 | 1.19 | (1.04, 1.36) | 0.0281 | 0.0614 | |
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Never | 12,310 | 1,021,279 | 1.00 | Ref. | 9,667 | 854,329 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,643 | 166,950 | 1.00 | Ref. | 5,915 | 311,090 | 1.00 | Ref. | 4,138 | 230,104 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,777 | 80,986 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Former | 1,651 | 121,791 | 1.09 | (1.03, 1.16) | 1,171 | 94,743 | 1.08 | (1.01, 1.15) | 480 | 27,048 | 1.14 | (1.02, 1.27) | 1,097 | 63,089 | 1.07 | (0.99, 1.15) | 735 | 43,981 | 1.11 | (1.02, 1.21) | 362 | 19,108 | 0.99 | (0.88, 1.12) | ||||
| Current | 5,469 | 467,814 | 1.08 | (1.04, 1.13) | 3,951 | 367,573 | 1.07 | (1.02, 1.12) | 1,518 | 100,241 | 1.11 | (1.02, 1.20) | 0.6033 | 3,021 | 203,378 | 1.09 | (1.03, 1.15) | 2,002 | 145,921 | 1.10 | (1.03, 1.18) | 1,019 | 57,457 | 1.07 | (0.97, 1.17) | 0.1261 | 0.0925 | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| None | 10,637 | 764,894 | 1.00 | Ref. | 8,331 | 637,063 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,306 | 127,831 | 1.00 | Ref. | 4,860 | 240,622 | 1.00 | Ref. | 3,486 | 179,788 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,374 | 60,834 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| ≤twice/week | 6,569 | 709,321 | 0.87 | (0.84, 0.90) | 5,034 | 581,869 | 0.88 | (0.85, 0.92) | 1,535 | 127,452 | 0.85 | (0.79, 0.92) | 3,857 | 271,742 | 0.95 | (0.90, 0.99) | 2,637 | 197,862 | 0.94 | (0.884, 0.995) | 1,220 | 73,880 | 0.97 | (0.88, 1.06) | ||||
| ≥3 times/week | 2,224 | 136,657 | 0.96 | (0.91, 1.01) | 1,424 | 97,713 | 0.94 | (0.887, 1.003) | 800 | 38,944 | 1.00 | (0.91, 1.09) | 0.2102 | 1,316 | 65,194 | 1.08 | (1.01, 1.15) | 752 | 42,356 | 1.00 | (0.92, 1.09) | 564 | 22,838 | 1.22 | (1.09, 1.36) | 0.0118 | 0.0002 | |
| Physical activity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| None | 11,263 | 916,522 | 1.00 | Ref. | 8,554 | 752,500 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,709 | 164,022 | 1.00 | Ref. | 5,283 | 286,513 | 1.00 | Ref. | 3,589 | 208,329 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,694 | 78,184 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| ≤twice/week | 4,649 | 437,696 | 1.01 | (0.97, 1.05) | 3,529 | 355,897 | 0.97 | (0.93, 1.01) | 1,120 | 81,799 | 0.96 | (0.89, 1.03) | 2,783 | 180,572 | 0.97 | (0.92, 1.01) | 1,911 | 131,255 | 0.98 | (0.93, 1.04) | 872 | 49,317 | 0.94 | (0.86, 1.02) | ||||
| ≥3 times/week | 3,518 | 256,653 | 0.88 | (0.85, 0.92) | 2,706 | 208,247 | 1.02 | (0.98, 1.07) | 812 | 48,406 | 0.98 | (0.90, 1.06) | 0.2655 | 1,967 | 110,473 | 0.95 | (0.899, 0.999) | 1,375 | 80,421 | 0.97 | (0.91, 1.03) | 592 | 30,052 | 0.90 | (0.82, 0.99) | 0.1213 | 0.0063 | |
| Men | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meal type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balanced | 8,150 | 659,284 | 1.00 | Ref. | 5,825 | 514,819 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,325 | 144,465 | 1.00 | Ref. | 5,081 | 322,989 | 1.00 | Ref. | 3,363 | 229,616 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,718 | 93,373 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Mainly vegetables | 1,909 | 140,563 | 0.98 | (0.94, 1.04) | 1,431 | 109,137 | 1.03 | (0.97, 1.09) | 478 | 31,426 | 0.88 | (0.80, 0.97) | 731 | 42,361 | 0.98 | (0.91, 1.07) | 486 | 30,243 | 0.97 | (0.88, 1.07) | 245 | 12,118 | 1.01 | (0.88, 1.15) | ||||
| Mainly meat | 646 | 56,381 | 1.22 | (1.13, 1.32) | 485 | 45,269 | 1.26 | (1.14, 1.38) | 161 | 11,112 | 1.13 | (0.96, 1.32) | 0.0056 | 562 | 39,882 | 1.10 | (1.01, 1.20) | 359 | 28,425 | 1.08 | (0.96, 1.20) | 203 | 11,457 | 1.14 | (0.99, 1.33) | 0.2524 | 0.2598 | |
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Never | 4,048 | 304,176 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,987 | 239,254 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,061 | 64,922 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,409 | 146,275 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,586 | 104,348 | 1.00 | Ref. | 823 | 41,927 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Former | 1,525 | 108,631 | 1.08 | (1.01, 1.14) | 1,063 | 83,062 | 1.05 | (0.98, 1.13) | 462 | 25,569 | 1.14 | (1.02, 1.27) | 1,047 | 60,625 | 1.06 | (0.98, 1.14) | 695 | 41,982 | 1.10 | (1.01, 1.21) | 352 | 18,643 | 0.98 | (0.86, 1.12) | ||||
| Current | 5,132 | 443,431 | 1.05 | (1.001, 1.093) | 3,691 | 346,909 | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.09) | 1,441 | 96,522 | 1.08 | (0.99, 1.18) | 0.1138 | 2,918 | 198,331 | 1.08 | (1.02, 1.15) | 1,927 | 141,953 | 1.10 | (1.03, 1.18) | 991 | 56,378 | 1.05 | (0.95, 1.16) | 0.1719 | 0.0065 | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| None | 3,832 | 256,821 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,859 | 204,661 | 1.00 | Ref. | 973 | 52,160 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,949 | 112,249 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,365 | 81,944 | 1.00 | Ref. | 584 | 30,305 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| ≤twice/week | 4,842 | 477,804 | 0.70 | (0.83, 0.91) | 3,605 | 379,168 | 0.88 | (0.84, 0.93) | 1,237 | 98,636 | 0.84 | (0.77, 0.92) | 3,199 | 231,771 | 0.93 | (0.87, 0.99) | 2,151 | 166,921 | 0.91 | (0.85, 0.98) | 1,048 | 64,850 | 0.97 | (0.87, 1.08) | ||||
| ≥3 times/week | 2,031 | 121,602 | 0.97 | (0.92, 1.03) | 1,277 | 85,396 | 0.95 | (0.89, 1.02) | 754 | 36,206 | 1.00 | (0.90, 1.11) | 0.1175 | 1,226 | 61,212 | 1.07 | (0.996, 1.157) | 692 | 39,419 | 0.99 | (0.90, 1.09) | 534 | 21,793 | 1.24 | (1.09, 1.40) | 0.0074 | 0.0012 | |
| Physical activity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| None | 5,640 | 420,436 | 1.00 | Ref. | 4,038 | 327,068 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,602 | 93,368 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,885 | 178,379 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,875 | 126,173 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,010 | 52,206 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| ≤twice/week | 3,049 | 288,425 | 0.94 | (0.90, 0.98) | 2,210 | 227,127 | 0.94 | (0.89, 0.99) | 839 | 61,298 | 0.95 | (0.87, 1.03) | 2,147 | 146,013 | 0.99 | (0.93, 1.05) | 1,431 | 104,712 | 1.00 | (0.93, 1.07) | 716 | 41,301 | 0.98 | (0.88, 1.08) | ||||
| ≥3 times/week | 2,016 | 147,366 | 1.00 | (0.96, 1.05) | 1,493 | 115,030 | 1.02 | (0.96, 1.09) | 523 | 32,336 | 0.93 | (0.84, 1.02) | 0.0519 | 1,342 | 80,840 | 0.97 | (0.91, 1.03) | 902 | 57,399 | 1.00 | (0.92, 1.08) | 440 | 23,441 | 0.91 | (0.82, 1.02) | 0.1819 | 0.0062 | |
| Women | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meal type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balanced | 5,934 | 538,212 | 1.00 | Ref. | 4,789 | 462,550 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,145 | 75,662 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,704 | 128,447 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,993 | 98,112 | 1.00 | Ref. | 711 | 30,335 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Mainly vegetables | 2,521 | 180,333 | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.09) | 2,037 | 152,950 | 1.05 | (0.996, 1.110) | 484 | 27,383 | 1.01 | (0.91, 1.13) | 857 | 37,548 | 0.99 | (0.91, 1.07) | 615 | 28,662 | 0.96 | (0.88, 1.05) | 242 | 8,886 | 1.06 | (0.92, 1.23) | ||||
| Mainly meat | 270 | 36,100 | 1.13 | (0.999, 1.280) | 222 | 31,920 | 1.10 | (0.96, 1.26) | 48 | 4,180 | 1.28 | (0.95, 1.71) | 0.2524 | 98 | 6,330 | 1.00 | (0.82, 1.23) | 59 | 4,947 | 0.84 | (0.65, 1.10) | 39 | 1,383 | 1.38 | (0.997, 1.909) | 0.0125 | 0.0833 | |
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Never | 8,262 | 717,103 | 1.00 | Ref. | 6,680 | 615,075 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,582 | 102,028 | 1.00 | Ref. | 3,506 | 164,815 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,552 | 125,756 | 1.00 | Ref. | 954 | 39,059 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| Former | 126 | 13,160 | 1.16 | (0.97, 1.39) | 108 | 11,681 | 1.19 | (0.98, 1.44) | 18 | 1,479 | 1.01 | (0.64, 1.62) | 50 | 2,464 | 1.26 | (0.95, 1.68) | 40 | 1,999 | 1.36 | (0.99, 1.87) | 10 | 466 | 1.00 | (0.54, 1.88) | ||||
| Current | 337 | 24,383 | 1.24 | (1.11, 1.39) | 260 | 20,664 | 1.24 | (1.09, 1.40) | 77 | 3,719 | 1.25 | (0.99, 1.58) | 0.5023 | 103 | 5,046 | 1.08 | (0.89, 1.32) | 75 | 3,967 | 1.08 | (0.85, 1.36) | 28 | 1,079 | 1.10 | (0.75, 1.62) | 0.3507 | 0.2176 | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| None | 6,805 | 508,073 | 1.00 | Ref. | 5,472 | 432,402 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,333 | 75,671 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,911 | 128,373 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,121 | 97,844 | 1.00 | Ref. | 790 | 30,529 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| ≤twice/week | 1,727 | 231,517 | 0.88 | (0.84, 0.93) | 1,429 | 202,701 | 0.88 | (0.83, 0.94) | 298 | 28,816 | 0.89 | (0.78, 1.01) | 658 | 39,971 | 0.99 | (0.91, 1.08) | 486 | 30,941 | 1.00 | (0.91, 1.11) | 172 | 9,030 | 0.97 | (0.81, 1.15) | ||||
| ≥3 times/week | 193 | 15,055 | 1.03 | (0.89, 1.19) | 147 | 12,317 | 1.04 | (0.88, 1.23) | 46 | 2,738 | 1.00 | (0.74, 1.35) | 0.8231 | 90 | 3,982 | 1.08 | (0.88, 1.34) | 60 | 2,937 | 1.05 | (0.81, 1.36) | 30 | 1,045 | 1.17 | (0.81, 1.69) | 0.4683 | 0.0038 | |
| Physical activity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| None | 5,623 | 496,086 | 1.00 | Ref. | 4,516 | 425,432 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,107 | 70,654 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,398 | 108,134 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,714 | 82,156 | 1.00 | Ref. | 684 | 25,978 | 1.00 | Ref. | ||||
| ≤twice/week | 1,600 | 149,271 | 0.99 | (0.93, 1.05) | 1,319 | 128,770 | 1.00 | (0.94, 1.06) | 281 | 20,501 | 0.95 | (0.83, 1.08) | 636 | 34,559 | 0.92 | (0.84, 1.01) | 480 | 26,543 | 0.96 | (0.87, 1.06) | 156 | 8,016 | 0.83 | (0.69, 0.99) | ||||
| ≥3 times/week | 1,502 | 109,287 | 1.02 | (0.96, 1.08) | 1,213 | 93,217 | 1.01 | (0.95, 1.08) | 289 | 16,070 | 1.06 | (0.93, 1.21) | 0.2617 | 625 | 29,633 | 0.91 | (0.836, 0.997) | 473 | 23,022 | 0.93 | (0.84, 1.03) | 152 | 6,611 | 0.87 | (0.73, 1.03) | 0.1090 | 0.0714 | |
aHRs were adjusted for age, sex (for total subjects only), and income level, and additionally mutually adjusted for lifestyle-related risk factors (all categorical variables) except BMI.
bHRs were adjusted for age, sex (for total subjects only), and income level, and additionally mutually adjusted for lifestyle-related risk factors (all categorical variables) except BMI and FBG.
cPinteraction: p value of interaction between lifestyle-related factor and FBG within BMI level
dPinteraction: p value of interaction between lifestyle-related factor and BMI level
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose