Table 3.
Factors associated with sleep efficiency, according to sex
| Variables | Women vs. Men | Women | Men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fully adjusted | Fully adjusted | |||||||
| P | Sleep efficiency < 80% (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P | Sleep efficiency < 80% (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P | ||
| Age group | 0.010 | |||||||
| 65–74 | 29.5 | 1.00 | 22.0 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥ 75 | 37.3 | 1.50 (1.18–1.91) | 0.001 | 21.0 | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | 0.415 | ||
| Marital status | 0.021 | |||||||
| Married/Com.-law | 33.7 | 1.00 | 19.4 | 1.00 | ||||
| Single/Sep.-Div./Widowed | 32.8 | 0.95 (0.75–1.22) | 0.717 | 24.9 | 1.54 (1.11–2.13) | 0.009 | ||
| Education | 0.159 | |||||||
| Post high school | 31.2 | 1.00 | 18.8 | 1.00 | ||||
| None to high school | 33.8 | 1.03 (0.79–1.35) | 0.831 | 24.0 | 1.41 (1.00–1.96) | 0.050 | ||
| Geographic location | 0.526 | |||||||
| Urban | 32.6 | 1.00 | 22.1 | 1.00 | ||||
| Rural | 34.0 | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) | 0.636 | 21.2 | 0.93 (0.66–1.30) | 0.660 | ||
| Exercise before bedtime | 0.030 | |||||||
| Never | 33.8 | 1.00 | 20.5 | 1.00 | ||||
| Rarely to often | 29.9 | 0.79 (0.57–1.11) | 0.174 | 27.4 | 1.42 (0.95–2.14) | 0.091 | ||
| Naps | 0.277 | |||||||
| Never or rarely | 32.3 | 1.00 | 19.2 | 1.00 | ||||
| Sometimes to very often | 33.8 | 0.87 (0.69–1.11) | 0.260 | 23.2 | 1.10 (0.78–1.54) | 0.588 | ||
| Caffeine after 6 pm | 0.174 | |||||||
| Never | 34.0 | 1.00 | 22.8 | 1.00 | ||||
| Rarely to often | 31.4 | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | 0.617 | 19.9 | 0.80 (0.57–1.11) | 0.182 | ||
| Mood disorder | 0.089 | |||||||
| No | 32.2 | 1.00 | 22.0 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 43.1 | 1.00 (0.66–1.52) | 0.984 | 14.0 | 0.40 (0.15–1.06) | 0.066 | ||
| Anxiety disorder | 0.012 | |||||||
| No | 32.1 | 1.00 | 22.0 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 50.0 | 1.69 (1.04–2.75) | 0.034 | 9.1 | 0.33 (0.10–1.06) | 0.063 | ||
| Sleep medication | 0.543 | |||||||
| 0 per month | 27.2 | 1.00 | 19.5 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥ once per month | 45.1 | 1.94 (1.52–2.48) | <0.001 | 29.7 | 1.69 (1.17–2.45) | 0.006 | ||
| Nocturia | 0.359 | |||||||
| < 4 per month | 26.9 | 1.00 | 17.1 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥ 4 per month | 44.0 | 1.87 (1.47–2.37) | <0.001 | 32.6 | 2.26 (1.62–3.16) | <0.001 | ||
| Pain | 0.676 | |||||||
| 0 per month | 27.6 | 1.00 | 18.7 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥ once per month | 47.7 | 2.03 (1.56–2.63) | <0.001 | 37.2 | 1.82 (1.21–2.76) | 0.004 | ||
| Bad dreams | 0.711 | |||||||
| 0 per month | 30.5 | 1.00 | 20.3 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥ once per month | 48.6 | 1.63 (1.19–2.34) | 0.003 | 32.5 | 1.81 (1.14–2.88) | 0.012 | ||
| Painful illness | 0.044 | |||||||
| No | 27.9 | 1.00 | 17.3 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 36.3 | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 0.461 | 28.3 | 1.69 (1.21–2.37) | 0.002 | ||
| Cardiac illness | 0.891 | |||||||
| No | 30.7 | 1.00 | 20.9 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 34.0 | 0.96 (0.73–1.25) | 0.756 | 22.1 | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 0.951 | ||
| Respiratory illness | 0.070 | |||||||
| No | 32.5 | 1.00 | 22.4 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 36.6 | 0.98 (0.75–1.41) | 0.848 | 17.2 | 0.60 (0.37–0.98) | 0.052 | ||
| Other illness | 0.862 | |||||||
| No | 31.2 | 1.00 | 21.0 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 35.6 | 0.98 (0.78–1.25) | 0.894 | 22.5 | 0.95 (0.68–1.32) | 0.758 | ||
CI = Confidence interval.