Table 2.
Adjusted relative risk and population attributable fraction of gestational diabetes mellitus for risk factors, across major racial/ethnic groups
| Non-Hispanic white | Hispanic | Asian Indian |
Chinese | Filipino | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | |||||
| Maternal age ≥35 | 1.8 (1.5, 2.2) | 2.0 (1.6, 2.6) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) |
| Overweight or obese | 2.0 (1.7, 2.4) | 2.2 (1.7, 2.8) | 1.7 (1.5, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) |
| WHO/ADA overweight or obese | 1.9 (1.7, 2.2) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) | ||
| Family history of diabetes | 1.7 (1.4, 2.0) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.3) | 1.6 (1.4, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) |
| Foreign-borne | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 1.8) |
| PAF (95% CI) | |||||
| Maternal age ≥35 | 22.5 (14.1, 30.5) | 22.7 (13.4, 31.5) | 8.5 (2.5, 14.4) | 12.3 (1.4, 22.9) | 18.9 (2.3, 34.4) |
| Overweight or obese | 28.9 (22.4, 35.1) | 42.3 (29.6, 53.5) | 25.5 (17.4, 33.3) | 7.9 (3.4, 12.3) | 23.3 (11.1, 34.9) |
| WHO/ADA overweight or obese | 39.0 (29.7, 47.6) | 15.9 (10.8, 20.9) | 38.2 (21.2, 53.0) | ||
| Family history of diabetes | 18.5 (11.6, 25.3) | 18.0 (7.9, 27.8) | 22.6 (12.8, 32.0) | 22.9 (13.1, 32.2) | 17.9 (0, 34.5) |
| Foreign-borne | 5.4 (1.2, 9.6) | 17.2 (3.5, 30.3) | 22.0 (0, 49.3) | 40.2 (20.7, 56.6) | 30.2 (7.4, 50.0) |
| Total PAF | 57.2 (41.3, 69.7) | 69.5 (46.5, 83.7) | 65.9 (22.4, 87.5)a | 65.8 (36.2, 83.3)a | 71.1 (30.7, 89.8)a |
a
Calculated using WHO/ADA BMI cut-off points for Asians.
CI, confidence interval (adjusted for maternal education, parity, smoking, insurance status, and all risk factors).