TABLE 3.
Total grain intake and relative risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, T2D, cancer, and all-cause mortality: results from meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies1
| Highest vs lowest intakes | Dose response2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meta-analysis reference | Number of cohorts included | Relative risk (95% CI) | Number of cohorts included | Relative risk (95% CI) | Outcome |
| Aune et al. (2) | 3 | 1.07 (0.91, 1.25) | 2 | 1.07 (0.88, 1.30) | CHD |
| Aune et al. (2) | 3 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 1 | 0.83 (0.70, 1.00) | CVD |
| Aune et al. (2) | 4 | 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) | 5 | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | Stroke |
| Chen et al. (33) | 8 | 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) | 6 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.03) | Stroke |
| Aune et al. (3) | 4 | 0.74 (0.58, 0.93) | 4 | 0.83 (0.75, 0.91) | T2D |
| Aune et al. (2) | 1 | 0.92 (0.80, 1.06) | 2 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | Total cancer |
| Aune et al. (2) | 13 | 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) | 7 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | All-cause mortality |
1
CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
2
In dose-response analyses, relative risks are per 90 g/d for all studies.