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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2019 Feb 14;121:158–166. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.010

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Impact of the four warning characteristics manipulated in the experiment on perceived message effectiveness (5,431 ratings), thinking about harms (5,430 ratings), and fear (5,431 ratings) from 1,360 U.S. adults (April 2018).