Fig. 2.

a) Illustration of 3D-printing molded microfluidic culture device for engineering immunogenic exosomes directly from on-chip cultured cells in real time. b) Fluorescence dye solution for showing the flow of immunomagnetic beads (A-Inlet) mixing with cell culture media (B-Inlet) eluted from the cell culture chamber. c) Bright-field microscopic image showing the immunomagnetic microbeads mixing process for isolating exosomes in the serpentine microchannel. d) Bright-field microscopic image showing the morphology of on-chip cultured leukocytes. e) SEM image showing the engineered exosomes released out of the chip.