Table 1: Nanomaterials tested in this study.
Before analysis in biological assays, all particles were analyzed by dynamic light scattering or, where applicable, by transmission electron microscopy to determine particle size. Zeta-potential was determined for all materials studied by DLS. The details of characterization were published before and shown in the supplementary section. Representative flow cytometry images in support of the data summarized in the column “complement on the cell surface” are shown in Supplementary Figure 1.
| Nanoparticles | Size, nm | Complement on the cell surface | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nanoparticles with demonstrated ability to contribute to protein immunogenicity and cause delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions | Au | 5, 30, 80, 250 | Not detected |
| Ag (PVP and citrate stabilized) | 20, 110 | Not detected | |
| Ni | 200–400, with aggregates up to 700 | Not detected | |
| Zinc Oxide | 30 with aggregates up to 1400 | Not detected | |
| Nanoparticles With demonstrated ability to activate plasma complement and cause CARPA in sensitive individuals | PEGylated liposomes | 89 | Not detected |
| Ambisome | 110–120 | Not detected | |
| Propofol | 208 | Not detected | |
| Feraheme | ~25 | Not detected | |
| Cremophor | 15 | Not detected | |
| Nanoparticles with a known ability to disrupt or perturb cellular organelles | Silica | more than 1 μm | Not detected |
| Silicon | more than 1 μm | Not detected | |
| Nanosilica | 180, with aggregate up more than 1 μm | Not detected | |
| G5 PAMAM amine- and guanidine terminated dendrimers | 6.5 | Detected | |
| G5 triazine dendrimers | 8.0 | Detected |