Table 3.
Factors associated with functional outcome at discharge
| Good outcome (N = 25)a | Bad outcome (N = 30)b | p value | OR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premorbid and admission factors | ||||
| Gender, N female (%) | 9 (36%) | 6 (20%) | 0.2 | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 64.8 (12.1) | 73.2 (13.8) | 0.03 | 1.05 (1.01–1.1) |
| APACHE II, mean (SD) | 8 (5.1) | 11 (6.4) | 0.07 | 1.1 (1–1.2) |
| GCS on admission, mean (SD) | 14.6 (1.5) | 13.8 (2.8) | 0.2 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) |
| Anticoagulant use, N (%) | 4 (16%) | 8 (27%) | 0.34 | 1.9 (0.5–8} |
| Antiplatelet, N (%) | 6 (24%) | 9 (30%) | 0.62 | 1.4 (0.4–4.7) |
| Imaging characteristics | ||||
| Acute hemorrhage, N (%)c | 15 (60%) | 26 (87%) | 0.03 | 4.3 (1.2–18.1) |
| Midline shift, N (%) | 15 (60%) | 20 (67%) | 0.6 | 1.3 (0.4–4.1) |
| Volume, mean (SD) | 73.7 (47) | 71.3 (44.3) | 0.85 | 1.0 (0.99–1.01) |
| Neurological symptoms | ||||
| Delirium, N (%) | 3 (12%) | 16 (53%) | 0.003 | 8.4 (2.3–41) |
| Hemiparesis, N (%) | 10 (40%) | 11 (37%) | 0.8 | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) |
| Clinical management | ||||
| Operation, N (%) | 18 (72%) | 23 (83%) | 0.7 | 1.3 (0.4–4) |
| Burr hole (overall), N (%) | 17 (68%) | 15 (50%) | 0.18 | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) |
| Craniotomy, N (%) | 2 (8%) | 9 (30%) | 0.06 | 4.9 (1.1–34.8) |
| Hemicraniectomy, N (%) | 0 | 2 (7%) | 0.99 | |
| Post-op subdural drain, N (%) | 3 (12%) | 7 (23%) | 0.3 | 2.2 (0.5–11) |
| Hospital complications | ||||
| Seizure, N (%) | 3 (12%) | 10 (33%) | 0.07 | 3.7 (0.96–18.1) |
| Infection, N (%) | 2 (8%) | 10 (33%) | 0.04 | 5.8 (1.3–40.4) |
APACHEII acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; GCS glasgow coma score; SD standard deviation
a
Good outcome is defined as either no increase or a 1-point increase in the modified Rankin Scale at discharge when compared with the premorbid modified Rankin Scale
b
Bad outcome is defined as an increase in the modified Rankin Scale of 2 or more points when compared to the premorbid modified Rankin Scale
c
Defined as either acute hemorrhage or acute on chronic hemorrhage