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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Nutr Biochem. 2019 Jan 30;67:1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.011

Figure 6. Prebiotics ameliorate gut permeability, reduce inflammation and modulate gut-brain axis.

Figure 6.

(a) Gut permeability (in terms of the diffusion of 4kDa FITC dextran from gut to blood circulation) in prebiotics-fed and control mice after 5 weeks of intervention. (b) Zonulin-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin (Ocln) mRNA expression in prebiotics-fed and control mice after 5 weeks of intervention. (c) Gene (mRNA) expression of inflammatory markers including Interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/ monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Ccl2/ MCP1) in prebiotics-fed and control mice after 5 weeks of intervention. (d) Gene (mRNA) expression of Agouti related protein (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus of (mRNA). Values are presented as mean ± SD/SEM. P*<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.