Table 2. Number of deaths, standardised mortality rates (per 100,000) and adjusted rate ratios for cause-specific mortality by diabetic status at baseline.
| Cause of deaths | Diabetes (n=30208) |
No diabetes (n=482589) |
Rate ratiob (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of deaths | Ratea (95% CI) | No. of deaths | Ratea (95% CI) | ||
| Diabetic ketoacidosis or coma | 345 | 185.07 (159.37-210.77) | 63 | 1.90 (1.43-2.37) | 99.59 (75.13-132.01) |
| Definite | 128 | 75.06 (57.19-92.93) | 15 | 0.45 (0.22-0.68) | 181.85 (103.95-318.14) |
| Probable | 217 | 110.01 (91.54-128.49) | 48 | 1.45 (1.04-1.87) | 75.96 (54.68-105.52) |
| Chronic renal disease | 177 | 82.81 (66.90-98.71) | 188 | 5.64 (4.83-6.44) | 13.10 (10.45-16.42) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1461 | 538.42 (504.14-572.69) | 7804 | 235.61 (230.37-240.85) | 2.13 (2.01-2.26) |
| IHD | 634 | 207.94 (187.13-228.74) | 2653 | 81.06 (77.96-84.15) | 2.40 (2.19-2.63) |
| Stroke | 580 | 246.45 (222.98-269.92) | 3864 | 115.41 (111.76-119.06) | 1.98 (1.81-2.17) |
| Other cardiovascular disease | 247 | 84.03 (70.21-97.85) | 1287 | 39.14 (37.00-41.29) | 1.96 (1.71-2.26) |
| Respiratory disease | 167 | 76.53 (62.50-90.56) | 1943 | 58.30 (55.71-60.90) | 1.29 (1.10-1.51) |
| COPD | 145 | 68.00 (54.79-81.21) | 1796 | 53.80 (51.31-56.30) | 1.26 (1.06-1.50) |
| Other respiratory disease | 88 | 31.72 (21.81-41.62) | 425 | 13.12 (11.87-14.37) | 2.00 (1.58-2.54) |
| Cancer | 790 | 300.39 (274.04-326.73) | 7789 | 234.31 (229.09-239.53) | 1.27 (1.18-1.37) |
| Lung | 198 | 64.82 (54.05-75.59) | 1897 | 57.77 (55.16-60.38) | 1.20 (1.03-1.39) |
| Liver | 133 | 61.96 (48.35-75.56) | 1192 | 35.44 (33.42-37.46) | 1.54 (1.28-1.86) |
| Pancreas | 50 | 14.57 (9.65-19.48) | 307 | 9.33 (8.29-10.38) | 1.84 (1.35-2.51) |
| Oesophagus | 51 | 22.52 (15.31-29.72) | 936 | 27.83 (26.04-29.61) | 0.92 (0.69-1.23) |
| Stomach | 98 | 36.14 (27.62-44.65) | 1105 | 33.25 (31.29-35.22) | 1.16 (0.94-1.44) |
| Colorectal | 57 | 18.83 (12.81-24.85) | 540 | 16.39 (15.00-17.78) | 1.11 (0.84-1.46) |
| Female breast | 31 | 10.35 (6.05-14.65) | 186 | 5.55 (4.75-6.35) | 1.84 (1.24-2.74) |
| Female reproductive system | 28 | 10.74 (5.47-16.01) | 182 | 5.44 (4.65-6.23) | 1.81 (1.20-2.74) |
| Other cancers | 144 | 60.47 (47.75-73.20) | 1444 | 43.31 (41.07-45.55) | 1.21 (1.01-1.44) |
| Chronic liver disease | 63 | 34.25 (23.71-44.78) | 418 | 12.33 (11.14-13.51) | 2.32 (1.76-3.06) |
| Liver cirrhosis | 33 | 16.44 (9.34-23.54) | 189 | 5.63 (4.82-6.43) | 2.36 (1.61-3.46) |
| Viral hepatitis | 21 | 12.16 (5.93-18.39) | 169 | 4.95 (4.20-5.70) | 2.10 (1.32-3.35) |
| Other chronic liver disease | 9 | 5.65 (0.99-10.32) | 60 | 1.75 (1.31-2.20) | 2.89 (1.39-6.00) |
| Infection | 72 | 22.56 (16.35-28.78) | 353 | 10.82 (9.69-11.95) | 2.29 (1.76-2.99) |
| Pneumonia | 55 | 15.15 (10.37-19.94) | 190 | 5.98 (5.12-6.83) | 2.47 (1.80-3.38) |
| Infection excluding pneumonia | 17 | 7.41 (3.44-11.38) | 163 | 4.84 (4.10-5.59) | 1.83 (1.09-3.05) |
| External | 139 | 75.29 (59.79-90.79) | 1760 | 51.07 (48.68-53.47) | 1.55 (1.30-1.85) |
| Other medical cause | 170 | 57.64 (46.42-68.87) | 1207 | 36.37 (34.31-38.43) | 1.66 (1.41-1.96) |
| All-cause mortalityc | 3384 | 1372.96 (1313.84-1432.08) | 21525 | 646.35 (637.70-655.01) | 2.00 (1.93-2.08) |
a
Standardized to age, sex and study area structure of CKB population
b
Stratified by age sex and study area and adjusted for education, smoking alcohol, physical activity and BMI
c
The analyses were restricted to those who died at age-at-risk 35-79 years, excluding 5 deaths at age <35 and 1014 deaths at age ≥80 years. Overall a total of 248 deaths at age 35-79 were attributed to unknown cause and the adjusted RR associated with diabetes was 1.53 (1.10-2.23).