Table 2. Aqueous cytokine concentrations in the study groups.
| Cytokines (pg/mL) | CTRa eyes | DMb eyes | POAGc eyes | POAG+DMd eyes | Pe |
| IL-1α | 9.51±4.83 | 11.71±8.99 | 14.73±5.02 | 18.60±2.69 | 0.000 |
| Median | 8.7 | 10.93 | 16.55 | 18.18 | |
| Range | 1.05-22.40 | 3.34-36.01 | 5.34-21.99 | 13.03-23.12 | |
| IL-1Ra | 656.35-518.31 | 1319.75±832.76 | 2276.10±1301.65 | 2960.02+/2675.07 | 0.000 |
| Median | 538 | 801.245 | 1374 | 2397 | |
| Range | 126.94-2516.07 | 179.45-5431.78 | 243.97-12729 | 1084.14-12729 | |
| IL-2 | 107.29+/26.74 | 87.55±29.32 | 98.08±33.20 | 68.56±20.24 | 0.000 |
| Median | 113.70 | 86.24 | 94.40 | 74.23 | |
| Range | 13.49-138.49 | 30.63-142.96 | 49.39-165.28 | 30.63-98.82 | |
| IL-4 | 39.37±12.62 | 37.53±11.62 | 41.95±13.76 | 46.44-7.23 | 0.06 |
| Median | 40 | 37.29 | 39.58 | 45.42 | |
| Range | 8.84-55.10 | 14.05-57.55 | 19.13-72.40 | 32.87-59.99 | |
| G-CSF | 43.51±70.31 | 42.55±28.83 | 74.60+/168.74 | 62.64+/66.75 | 0.636 |
| Median | 26.81 | 33.37 | 2.89 | 33.38 | |
| Range | 1.33-277.24 | 3.30-119.94 | 1.15-652.44 | 11.35-290.64 | |
| GM-CSF | 2.82±0.85 | 2.84±1.00 | 3.01±0.73 | 3.18±0.63 | 0.442 |
| Median | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.04 | 3.2 | |
| Range | 1.18-4.66 | 1.77-5.43 | 1.72-4.05 | 1.99-4.05 | |
| CXCL8 (IL-8) | 12.13±3.68 | 19.25±8.51 | 22.02±13.61 | 29.51±11.92 | 0.004 |
| Median | 5.09 | 15.83 | 20.46 | 25.62 | |
| Range | 1.04-97.75 | 12.39-44.51 | 4.93-43.30 | 13.76-46.25 | |
| bFGF | 39.46±31.71 | 36.98±10.26 | 52.71-32.62 | 44.42±26.56 | 0.259 |
| Median | 33.04 | 32.72 | 37.50 | 37.37 | |
| Range | 11.48-74.56 | 2.86-69.74 | 23.96-114.05 | 21.06-134.09 | |
| VEGF | 50.02±19.89 | 96.42±60.17 | 78.66±55.53 | 84.11±72.05 | 0.162 |
| Median | 52.39 | 64.84 | 50.38 | 62.29 | |
| Range | 7.23-91.12 | 23.83-505.15 | 16.47-236.49 | 30.81-356.65 | |
| CCL2 (MCP-1) | 449±260.81 | 464.24±276.32 | 383.59±249.32 | 505.12±397.33 | 0.376 |
| Median | 395.64 | 407.16 | 363.12 | 439.62 | |
| Range | 29.58-1054.44 | 71.27±1224.13 | 177.18-913.69 | 249.92-1913.00 | |
| CCL3 (MIP-1α) | 138.26±54.08 | 141.50±54.39 | 158.26±29.01 | 167.04±16.11 | 0.1 |
| Median | 126.08 | 133.32 | 167.48 | 166.21 | |
| Range | 43.96-315.92 | 52.75-338.24 | 99.46-205.12 | 135.16-202.17 | |
| CCL4 (MIP-1β) | 9.78±8.80 | 11.32±5.22 | 25.59±29.41 | 19.73±13.63 | 0.003 |
| Median | 7.85 | 10.59 | 15.00 | 14.27 | |
| Range | 2.21-44.43 | 1.54±21.74 | 4.51-119.22 | 5.81-61.73 | |
| CCL5 (RANTES) | 2.49±1.07 | 3.49±2.32 | 4.30+/1.61 | 4.81±1.39 | 0.000 |
| Median | 2.36 | 3.22 | 3.93 | 4.96 | |
| Range | 1.05-5.65 | 1.87-11.04 | 1.48-6.82 | 2.34-6.83 | |
| CXCL5 (ENA-78) | 19.34±9.22 | 27.19±10.06 | 24.79±10.48 | 40.61-3.16 | 0.000 |
| Median | 20.86 | 24.73 | 20.36 | 40.11 | |
| Range | 2.99-34.13 | 14.09-43.22 | 10.37-52.50 | 34.19-46.55 | |
| TNFα | 2.41±0.95 | 2.68±0.83 | 2.84±0.60 | 3.27±0.68 | 0.05 |
| Median | 2.31 | 2.52 | 2.76 | 3.17 | |
| Range | 1.21-20.96 | 1.67-5.31 | 1.95-3.94 | 2.55-5.31 |
IL-1Ra: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-1α: Interleukin-1α; IL-2: Interleukin 2; IL-4: Interleukin 4; GM-CSF: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; CCL2: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; CCL3: Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha; CCL4: Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta; CCL5(RANTES): Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5; CXCL5: CXC Motif chemokine 5; CXCL8/IL-8: Interleukin 8; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TNFα: α tumor necrosis factor. a Control group; bDiabetes group; cPrimary open angle glaucoma group; dPrimary open angle glaucoma+diabetes group; eOne way ANOVA analysis was performed to compare the four groups; P<0.05 for statistically significant difference.
mean±SD