Table 4.
Comparison of the patients with reported depression and/or anxiety in EQ‐5D‐5L 3 months after ICH (n = 122)a
| Variable | Not depressed n = 68 | Depressed n = 54 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 69.5 (62.3–75.8) | 72.5 (59.8–79.3) | 0.335 |
| Male | 34 (50.0) | 30 (55.6) | 0.542 |
| Agreement by proxy | 18 (26.5) | 18 (33.3) | 0.409 |
| mRS 3–5 prior to ICH | 1 (1.5) | 3 (5.6) | 0.321 |
| Diabetes | 10 (14.7) | 6 (11.1) | 0.559 |
| History of ischemic stroke | 8 (11.8) | 7 (13.0) | 0.841 |
| History of any ICH | 2 (2.9) | 5 (9.3) | 0.239 |
| COPD or asthma | 4 (5.9) | 7 (13.0) | 0.212 |
| Dementia | 0 (0.0) | 5 (9.3) | 0.015 |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 (5.9) | 8 (14.8) | 0.100 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 15 (22.1) | 16 (29.6) | 0.340 |
| Chronic heart failure | 3 (4.4) | 5 (9.3) | 0.464 |
| History of cancer | 15 (22.1) | 13 (24.1) | 0.793 |
| Antiplatelet treatment | 15 (22.1) | 10 (18.5) | 0.630 |
| Anticoagulant treatment | 11 (16.2) | 15 (27.8) | 0.120 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 35 (51.5) | 29 (53.7) | 0.806 |
| Antidepressant medication | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.9) | 1.000 |
| Sad or depressed for more than 2 weeks during the year prior to ICHb | 6 (10.0) | 15 (33.3) | 0.003 |
| Alcohol use (within 1 year prior to ICH)b | 55 (83.3) | 43 (81.1) | 0.754 |
| No or little stress at homeb | 53 (86.9) | 37 (74.0) | 0.085 |
| Living alone | 23 (33.8) | 16 (29.6) | 0.622 |
| Married or registered relationshipb | 40 (59.7) | 33 (63.5) | 0.676 |
| Occupational status, working | 13 (19.1) | 13 (24.1) | 0.507 |
| High education (Master or Bahelor's degree)b | 21 (31.8) | 10 (19.2) | 0.123 |
| NIHSS on admission | 5 (2.3–9.8) | 6 (2.0–13.3) | 0.262 |
| GCS on admission | 15 (14.0–15.0) | 15 (13.8–15.0) | 0.683 |
| Baseline ICH volume, mL | 8.0 (1.9–16.4) | 12.0 (4.0–21.9) | 0.082 |
| ICH location | 0.555 | ||
| ICH location, lobar | 22 (32.4) | 13 (24.1) | |
| ICH location, deep supratentorial | 42 (61.8) | 38 (70.4) | |
| ICH location, infratentorial | 4 (5.9) | 3 (5.6) | |
| ICH evacuation/any neurosurgery | 1 (1.5) | 4 (7.4) | 0.169 |
| DNR orders in hospital | 4 (5.9) | 12 (22.2) | 0.008 |
| Deterioration (increase in NIHSS at least 4 points) within 1 week of ICH | 5 (7.4) | 2 (3.7) | 0.462 |
| Acute myocardial infarction or heart failure within 1 week of ICH | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.7) | 0.194 |
| mRS at 3 months | 0.175 | ||
| mRS 0 | 4 (5.9) | 1 (1.9) | |
| mRS 1 | 10 (14.7) | 3 (5.6) | |
| mRS 2 | 31 (45.6) | 20 (37.0) | |
| mRS 3 | 10 (14.7) | 12 (22.2) | |
| mRS 4 | 8 (11.8) | 13 (24.1) | |
| mRS 5 | 5 (7.4) | 5 (9.3) | |
| mRS 3–5 at 3 months | 23 (33.8) | 30 (55.6) | 0.016 |
| Barthel Index at 3 months | 100 (91.3–100.0) | 97.5 (80.0–100.0) | 0.164 |
| EQ−5D−5L utility index at 3 monthsb | 0.711 (0.577–1.000) | 0.517 (0.341–0.588) | <0.001 |
| 15D score at 3 monthsb | 0.885 (0.769–0.941) | 0.770 (0.588–0.827) | <0.001 |
| Living at home at 3 months | 54 (79.4) | 42 (77.8) | 0.827 |
| Working at 3 months | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.7) | 1.000 |
Data are n (%), mean (SE), or median (IQR).
mRS: modified Rankin Scale; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NIHSS: the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; DNR: do not resuscitate.
n = 2 exclusion due to incomplete answers.
Missing data for BMI in five patients (4.1%), sad or depressed for more than 2 weeks in 17 patients (13.9%), alcohol use in three patients (2.5%), no or little stress at home in 11 patients (9.0%), marital status in three patients (2.5%), high education in four patients (3.3%), EQ‐5D index in five patients (4.1%), 15D index in 14 patients (11.5%).
The bold values indicate P < 0.05.