Table 1.

Glossary of terms

Term	Meaning
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
IPD	Invasive pneumococcal disease
GWAS	Genome-wide association study
hGWAS	Host genome-wide association study
pGWAS	Pathogen genome-wide association study
h 2	Heritability (variation in phenotype explained by genetic variation)
OR	Odds ratio
LD	Linkage disequilibrium
MAF	Minor allele frequency (of the least common allele observed in the population)
AF	Allele frequency (presence of gene or versus reference allele)
LoF	Loss of function (frameshift or nonsense mutation in protein)
SFS	Site frequency spectrum (histogram of minor allele frequencies)
LMM	Linear mixed model (association model used in genome-wide association study)
eQTL	Expression quantitative trait loci (genetic association with transcript variation)
LD	Linkage disequilibrium