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. 2019 May 15;9:7414. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43576-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Renal ATX protein levels increase with the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. (a) The expression of ATX protein in whole kidney lysates at day 0, 3 and 10 post-UUO. Quantification was performed with Image J software and data are expressed as mean dots of ATX bands relative to dots of GAPDH bands ± SEM (n = 3 mice/group). (b) Relative mRNA levels of ATX in whole kidney lysates obtained from mice following UUO. ΔΔCT method was used to calculate relative gene expression of ATX with GAPDH being the internal control. (n = 5 mice/group). (c) ATX activity in urine obtained from ligated kidneys and non-ligated kidneys (bladder). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM concentrations of liberated choline per minute. (n = 4–5 mice/group). (d) Relative mRNA levels of ATX in renal fibroblasts in response to LPA. ΔΔCT method was used to calculate relative gene expression of ATX with β2MG being the internal control. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (n = 2 cell preparations/group). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.